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Physical structure of the MC1R protein. The MC1R is a 7-transmembrane Gs protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Extracellular and transmembrane domains engage MC1R ligands while intracellular and transmembrane domains regulate adenylyl cyclase interactions and signaling. Residues identified in red include the common polymorphisms of the “RHC” phenotype that significantly reduce MC1R function and lead to reduced cAMP signaling and preferential production of the red/blonde pheomelanin pigment.
