Table 1. Baseline Sample Characteristics of IC-Only Group vs IC Plus BWAW Group.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Value for Difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Respondents | Total (N = 253) | IC Only (n = 114) | IC + BWAW (n = 139) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 253 | 45.7 (11.6) | 44.8 (11.6) | 46.5 (11.6) | .26 |
| Men | 253 | 218 (86.2) | 96 (84.2) | 122 (87.8) | .41 |
| White race | 253 | 135 (53.4) | 56 (49.1) | 79 (56.8) | .22 |
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 351 | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | .50 |
| High school | 251 | 44 (17.5) | 18 (15.8) | 26 (19.0) | |
| Some college | 251 | 116 (46.2) | 57 (50.0) | 59 (43.1) | |
| Associate’s degree | 251 | 19 (7.6) | 7 (6.1) | 12 (8.8) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 251 | 40 (15.9) | 18 (15.8) | 22 (16.1) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 251 | 30 (12.0) | 12 (10.5) | 18 (13.1) | |
| Annual earnings, median, (range), $ | 243 | 45 000 (500-200 000) | 45 000 (500-140 000) | 45 000 (500-200 000) | .99 |
| Work status | |||||
| Working for pay | 251 | 237 (94.4) | 104 (91.2) | 133 (97.1) | .11 |
| Off work owing to illness | 251 | 4 (1.6) | 4 (3.5) | 0 | |
| Off work owing to injury | 251 | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | |
| On vacation | 251 | 6 (2.4) | 3 (2.6) | 3 (2.2) | |
| Not working (other reason) | 251 | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | |
| Time at current job, y | |||||
| <1 | 251 | 52 (20.7) | 22 (19.3) | 30 (21.9) | .53 |
| 1 to <2 | 251 | 48 (19.1) | 26 (22.8) | 22 (16.1) | |
| 2 to <5 | 251 | 46 (18.3) | 19 (16.7) | 27 (19.7) | |
| 5 to 10 | 251 | 44 (17.5) | 17 (14.9) | 27 (19.7) | |
| >10 | 251 | 61 (24.3) | 30 (26.3) | 31 (22.6) | |
| Job type | |||||
| Permanent | 251 | 223 (88.8) | 102 (89.5) | 121 (88.3) | .77 |
| Temporary | 251 | 28 (11.2) | 12 (10.5) | 16 (11.7) | |
| Payment structure | |||||
| Hourly | 250 | 158 (63.2) | 70 (61.4) | 88 (64.7) | .59 |
| Salaried | 250 | 87 (34.8) | 42 (36.8) | 45 (33.1) | .54 |
| Member of labor union | 251 | 101 (40.2) | 43 (37.7) | 58 (42.3) | .46 |
| Employment type | |||||
| Self-employed | 249 | 12 (4.8) | 4 (3.6) | 8 (5.8) | .41 |
| Private company | 249 | 117 (47.0) | 59 (52.7) | 58 (42.3) | .10 |
| Government agency | 249 | 120 (48.2) | 49 (43.8) | 71 (51.8) | .21 |
| Filed disability claim, past 4 mo | 251 | 10 (4.0) | 7 (6.1) | 3 (2.2) | .11 |
| Insurance through employer | 251 | 137 (54.6) | 61 (53.5) | 76 (55.5) | .76 |
| Eligible for paid sick time | 249 | 187 (75.1) | 84 (75.0) | 103 (75.2) | .97 |
| PHQ-9 symptom severity score, mean (SD) | 14.5 (4.8) | 14.1 (4.9) | 14.8 (4.8) | .25 | |
| High suicide risk | 253 | 54 (21.3) | 25 (21.9) | 29 (20.9) | .84 |
| SCID results | |||||
| MDD and PDD | 253 | 107 (42.3) | 45 (39.5) | 62 (44.6) | .41 |
| MDD | 253 | 106 (41.9) | 50 (43.9) | 56 (40.3) | .57 |
| PDD | 253 | 40 (15.8) | 19 (16.7) | 21 (15.1) | .74 |
| GAD-7 score, mean (SD) | 252 | 13.0 (4.8) | 12.8 (4.5) | 13.1 (5.0) | .62 |
| PTSD | 253 | 151 (59.7) | 69 (60.5) | 82 (59.0) | .81 |
| Alcoholic drinks/wk, mean (SD), No. | 251 | 5.4 (8.9) | 5.1 (8.8) | 5.6 (8.9) | .64 |
| Recent substance misuse | 253 | 5 (2.0) | 3 (2.6) | 2 (1.4) | .50 |
| VR12 score, mean (SD) | |||||
| Physical component | 251 | 38.3 (12.9) | 38.2 (13.4) | 38.4 (2.4) | .94 |
| Mental component | 251 | 28.5 (10.8) | 29.0 (11.1) | 28.1 (10.6) | .49 |
| Using antidepressant medication | 253 | 68 (26.9) | 26 (22.8) | 42 (30.2) | .19 |
| Non-VHA health care, past 4 mo | |||||
| Physician visit | 251 | 95 (37.8) | 44 (38.6) | 51 (37.2) | .82 |
| Therapist visit | 251 | 23 (9.2) | 13 (11.4) | 10 (7.3) | .26 |
| Hospitalization | 251 | 7 (2.8) | 4 (3.5) | 3 (2.2) | .53 |
| Emergency department visit | 251 | 28 (11.2) | 13 (11.4) | 15 (10.9) | .91 |
Abbreviations: BWAW, Be Well at Work; GAD-7, 7-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire; IC, integrated care; MDD, major depressive disorder; PDD, persistent depressive disorder; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition); VHA, Veterans Health Administration; VR12, Veterans Rand 12-item health survey.