Fig. 1.

Inhibitory effects of cinobufagin, given intrathecally, on mechanical allodynia in the rat model of bone cancer pain. The rats were inoculated with cancer cells for approximately 3 weeks and their mechanical thresholds were then measured by using electric von Frey filaments in both the contralateral and ipsilateral hindpaws. a Female bone cancer pain rats received single intrathecal administration of saline or cinobufagin (1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 μg). b Dose-response analysis of cinobufagin on mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral hindpaws of female bone cancer pain rats 1 h after its injection, best projected by the non-linear least-squares method. c Male bone cancer pain rats received single intrathecal administration of saline or cinobufagin (30 μg). The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6 per group). The asterisk denotes statistical significance (p < 0.0001) compared to the saline control group, by repeated-measured two-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test