Table 2.
Opioid- and non-opioid-taking group comparisons across all PROMIS and Pain Intensity measures
| Currently Taking Opioid Medications |
Not Currently Taking Opioid Medications |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (Missing Data) | M | SD | No. (Missing Data) | M | SD | P | Cohen’s d | |
| PROMIS Global Health | ||||||||
| Mental Score | 671 (6.68%) | 41.49 | 9.24 | 452 (4.64%) | 43.65 | 8.99 | <0.001* | 0.24 |
| Physical Score | 671 (6.68%) | 36.14 | 6.89 | 452 (4.64%) | 39.67 | 8.10 | <0.001* | 0.47 |
| PROMIS | ||||||||
| Pain Interference | 697 (3.06%) | 65.09 | 6.63 | 473 (0.21%) | 62.12 | 8.15 | <0.001* | 0.40 |
| Pain Behavior | 692 (3.76%) | 59.25 | 3.59 | 472 (1.05%) | 57.54 | 5.14 | <0.001* | 0.39 |
| Physical Function | 690 (4.03%) | 34.69 | 7.64 | 469 (1.69%) | 38.36 | 9.22 | <0.001* | 0.44 |
| Fatigue | 687 (4.45%) | 60.18 | 8.99 | 466 (1.69%) | 58.05 | 10.19 | <0.001* | 0.22 |
| Depression | 687 (4.45%) | 54.63 | 9.80 | 464 (2.11%) | 52.85 | 9.74 | <0.005* | 0.18 |
| Anxiety | 684 (4.87%) | 54.81 | 9.59 | 462 (2.53%) | 54.65 | 9.81 | 0.78 | 0.02 |
| Anger | 677 (5.84%) | 49.23 | 10.21 | 458 (3.38%) | 49.22 | 9.91 | 0.98 | 0.00 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 683 (5.10%) | 57.50 | 8.85 | 462 (2.53%) | 55.79 | 8.94 | 0.001* | 0.19 |
| Sleep Impairment | 681 (5.29%) | 56.92 | 8.93 | 462 (2.53%) | 55.89 | 10.27 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| Emotional Support | 670 (6.82%) | 51.69 | 9.49 | 450 (5.06%) | 51.48 | 9.05 | 0.71 | 0.02 |
| Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities | 666 (7.37%) | 40.36 | 8.86 | 450 (5.06%) | 43.87 | 9.07 | <0.001* | 0.39 |
| Social Isolation | 663 (7.79%) | 48.04 | 9.80 | 448 (5.49%) | 47.29 | 9.78 | 0.21 | 0.08 |
| Pain Intensity | ||||||||
| Worst | 719 (0%) | 8.05 | 1.71 | 474 (0%) | 6.80 | 2.46 | <0.001* | 0.60 |
| Average | 719 (0%) | 5.90 | 1.92 | 474 (0%) | 5.01 | 2.38 | <0.001* | 0.41 |
| Now | 719 (0%) | 5.69 | 2.27 | 474 (0%) | 4.55 | 2.62 | <0.001* | 0.47 |
| Least | 719 (0%) | 3.83 | 2.31 | 474 (0%) | 3.09 | 2.47 | <0.001* | 0.31 |
| Pain Intensity Composite | 719 (0%) | 5.87 | 1.73 | 474 (0%) | 4.86 | 2.20 | <0.001* | 0.51 |
| Negative Affect Composite | 677 (5.84%) | 52.87 | 8.96 | 458 (3.38%) | 52.25 | 8.97 | 0.26 | 0.07 |
The composite Pain Intensity is an average of the four Pain Intensity measures. The composite negative affect is an average of PROMIS Anxiety, Anger, and Depression.
PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.
*
Bonferroni corrected.