Table 3.
Regression analysis on predictors of anemia among children on HAART in North Wollo Zone Public Hospitals, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2019 (n = 350).
| Exposure variable | Responses | Anemia status | Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemic count (%) | Nonanemic count (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Intestinal parasite | Negative | 101 (28.9) | 79 (22.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| G. lamblia | 15 (4.3) | 145 (41.4) | 9.09 (4.83, 17.11) | 0.1 (0.02, 0.49) | 0.005 | |
| E. histolytica | 1 (0.3) | 9 (2.6) | 9.54 (4.71, 19.35) | 7.29 (1.22, 43.56) | 0.029 | |
| A. lumbricoides | 7 (1.2) | 9 (1.40) | 7.19 (2.49, 20.69) | 0.63 (0.06, 6.39) | 0.694 | |
| Others | 6 (1.1) | 8 (1.3) | 7.46 (2.43, 22.94) | 2.49 (0.27, 23.01) | 0.422 | |
|
| ||||||
| WGT-AGE Z score | −1_−2 | 44 (12.6) | 166 (47.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| −2_−3 | 22 (6.3) | 31 (8.9) | 2.67 (1.41, 5.07) | 9.80 (2.46, 39.14) | 0.001 | |
| <−3 | 51 (14.6) | 36 (10.3) | 5.35 (3.11, 9.18) | 2.46 (0.63, 9.69) | 0.198 | |
|
| ||||||
| Hx of oropharyngeal disease | Yes | 37 (10.6) | 46 (13.1) | 1.88 (1.13, 3.12) | 0.40 (0.10, 1.57) | 0.187 |
| No | 80 (22.9) | 187 (53.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hx of opportunistic infections | Yes | 86 (24.6) | 114 (32.6) | 1.88 (1.13, 3.12) | 9.63 (1.94, 47.85) | 0.006 |
| No | 31 (8.9) | 119 (34.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Hx of chronic diarrhea | Yes | 51 (14.6) | 40 (11.4) | 2.89 (1.78, 4.70) | 1.05 (0.23, 4.87) | 0.949 |
| No | 66 (18.9) | 193 (55.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Hx of missing follow-up | Yes | 56 (16.0) | 67 (19.1) | 3.73 (2.26, 6.14) | 0.38 (0.09, 1.54) | 0.174 |
| No | 61 (17.4) | 166 (47.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
| ||||||
| HAART_duration | ≤5 years | 80 (22.9) | 177 (50.6) | 1.46 (0.89, 2.39) | 2.33 (0.69, 7.94) | 0.175 |
| >5 years | 37 (10.6) | 56 (16.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Level of adherence to HAART | Good | 72 (20.6) | 132 (37.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Fair | 59 (16.9) | 66 (18.9) | 1.64 (2.10, 5.56) | 1.33 (0.69, 7.94) | 0.175 | |
| Poor | 13 (3.7) | 8 (2.3) | 3.0 (4.18, 9.63) | 2.31 (1.92, 7.77) | 0.000 | |
|
| ||||||
| On cotrimoxazole | Yes | 64 (18.3) | 106 (30.3) | 1.45 (93, 2.26) | 0.33 (0.09 (1.14) | 0.079 |
| No | 53 (15.1) | 127 (36.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Viral load | <1000 | 51 (14.6) | 67 (19.1) | 1.92 (1.21, 3.04) | 1.09 (0.23, 5.18) | 0.92 |
| >1000 | 66 (18.9) | 166 (47.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Malaria history | Yes | 58 (16.6) | 31 (8.9) | 6.41 (3.79, 10.82) | 4.37 (1.16, 16.42) | 0.029 |
| No | 59 (16.9) | 202 (57.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Highest WHO staging | Stage 4 | 21 (6.0) | 33 (9.4) | 1.22 (0.52, 2.91) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.16) | 0.002 |
| Stage 3 | 51 (14.6) | 108 (30.9) | 0.91 (0.43, 1.919) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.26) | 0.002 | |
| Stage 2 | 32 (9.1) | 67 (19.1) | 0.92 (0.42, 2.03) | 0.022 (0.00, 0.23) | 0.001 | |
| Stage 1 | 13 (3.7) | 25 (7.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
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| Caregiver's residence | Rural | 33 (9.5) | 109 (31.4) | 2.28 (1.41, 3.67) | 8.85 (2.07, 37.79) | 0.003 |
| Urban | 84 (24.2) | 121 (34.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
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| The orphanhood of the child | Both | 26 (7.4) | 9 (2.6) | 6.59 (2.95, 14.72) | 7.92 (0.66, 94.77) | 0.102 |
| Only mother | 9 (2.6) | 31 (8.9) | 0.66 (0.30, 1.46) | 0.74 (0.15, 3.50) | 0.699 | |
| Only father | 4 (1.1) | 15 (4.3) | 0.61 (0.19, 1.89) | 2.31 (0.17, 31.62) | 0.529 | |
| Non-orphan | 78 (22.3) | 178 (50.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Wealth index | 1.00 | 43 (12.3) | 30 (8.6) | 2.55 (1.35, 4.82) | 0.64 (0.09, 4.84) | 0.665 |
| 2.00 | 42 (12.0) | 146 (41.7) | 0.51 (0.29, 0.89) | 0.76 (0.17, 3.26) | 0.707 | |
| 3.00 | 32 (9.1) | 57 (16.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Household food security | Not secured | 23 (6.6) | 33 (9.4) | 1.48 (0.83, 2.66) | 0.43 (0.07, 2.75) | 0.370 |
| Secured | 94 (26.9) | 200 (57.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
|
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| Food diversity | Nondiversified | 99 (28.3) | 87 (24.9) | 9.23 (5.23, 16.28) | 10.39 (2.25, 48.0) | 0.003 |
| Diversified | 18 (5.1) | 146 (41.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
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| Feeding frequency | Not adequate | 49 (14.0) | 44 (12.6) | 9.23 (5.23, 16.29) | 1.62 (0.35, 7.59) | 0.539 |
| Adequate | 68 (19.4) | 189 (54.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
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| Counselling on child feeding | Yes | 76 (21.7) | 175 (50.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| No | 41 (11.7) | 58 (16.6) | 1.63 (1.01, 2.64) | 1.13 (0.24, 5.33) | 0.876 | |