Table 1.
Baseline clinical and pathological characteristics of study patients
| Training set | Testing set | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Low risk | High risk | P‐value | Number | Low risk | High risk | P‐value | * P‐value | |
| Age (years) | 0.896 | 0.133 | 0.435 | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.94 (10.36) | 64.04 (9.67) | 63.86 (11.02) | 64.86 (10.23) | 63.30 (10.33) | 66.17 (10.05) | |||
| Gender | 0.807 | 0.376 | 0.224 | ||||||
| Male | 104 (45.0%) | 49 (43.8%) | 55 (46.2%) | 61 (52.6%) | 25 (47.2%) | 36 (57.1%) | |||
| Female | 127 (55.0%) | 63 (56.2%) | 64 (53.8%) | 55 (47.4%) | 28 (52.8%) | 27 (42.9%) | |||
| Smoking history | 0.891 | 0.898 | 0.196 | ||||||
| Never smoke | 39(16.9%) | 20(17.9%) | 19(16.0%) | 29(25.0%) | 14(26.4%) | 15 (23.8%) | |||
| Ever smoke | 119 (51.5%) | 58 (51.8%) | 61 (51.3%) | 53 (45.7%) | 23 (43.4%) | 30 (47.6%) | |||
| Current smoke | 73 (31.6%) | 34 (30.4%) | 39 (32.8%) | 34 (29.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | 18 (28.6%) | |||
| Stage | 0.331 | 0.155 | 0.121 | ||||||
| I | 115 (50.9%) | 59 (53.6%) | 56 (48.3%) | 49 (42.6%) | 28 (52.8%) | 21 (33.9%) | |||
| II | 53 (23.5%) | 26 (23.6%) | 27 (23.3%) | 37 (32.2%) | 16 (30.2%) | 21 (33.9%) | |||
| III | 41 (18.1%) | 15 (13.6%) | 26 (22.4%) | 25 (21.7%) | 8 (15.1%) | 17 (27.4%) | |||
| IV | 17 (7.5%) | 10 (9.1%) | 7 (6.0%) | 4 (3.5%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (4.8%) | |||
| M stage | 0.628 | 0.199 | 0.083 | ||||||
| M0 | 189 (83.6%) | 89 (82.4%) | 100 (84.7%) | 96 (83.5%) | 44 (83.0%) | 52 (83.9%) | |||
| M1 | 17 (7.5%) | 10 (9.3%) | 7 (5.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.8%) | |||
| MX | 20 (8.8%) | 9 (8.3%) | 11 (9.3%) | 16 (13.9) | 9 (17.0%) | 7 (11.3%) | |||
| N stage | 0.018 | 0.443 | 0.353 | ||||||
| N0 | 139 (60.2%) | 70 (62.5%) | 69 (58.0%) | 60 (52.2%) | 31 (58.5%) | 29 (46.8%) | |||
| N1+ | 86 (37.2%) | 36 (32.1%) | 50 (42.0%)) | 52 (45.2%) | 21 (39.6%) | 31 (50.0%) | |||
| NX | 6 (2.6%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (3.2%) | |||
| T stage | 0.576 | 0.646 | 0.300 | ||||||
| T1‐T2 | 204 (88.3%) | 98 (87.5%) | 106 (89.1%) | 97 (83.6%) | 46 (86.8%) | 51 (81.0%) | |||
| T3‐T4 | 26 (11.3%) | 13 (11.6%) | 13 (10.9%) | 17 (14.7%) | 6 (11.3%) | 11 (17.5%) | |||
| TX | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (1.6%) | |||
*
P, statistical differences between the training and validation sets.