TABLE 3.
Association between quintile of diabetes GRS and the risk of type 2 diabetes1
| Continuous score (total) | Quintile 1 (lowest) | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 (highest) | P-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKB | |||||||
| Person-years | 968,851 | 183,260 | 154,713 | 185,713 | 250,560 | 194,605 | |
| Type 2 diabetes cases, n | 3383 | 478 | 498 | 617 | 932 | 858 | |
| Mean (range) | 51.2 (34.0–71.0) | 45.4 (34.0–47.9) | 48.6 (48.0–49.9) | 50.6 (50.0–51.9) | 53.0 (52.0–54.9) | 56.8 (55.0–71.0) | |
| Age adjusted | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | 1.00 | 1.24 (1.09, 1.40) | 1.28 (1.14, 1.44) | 1.45 (1.29, 1.61) | 1.72 (1.54, 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 1.14 (1.12, 1.17) | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | 1.30 (1.15, 1.46) | 1.48 (1.32, 1.65) | 1.79 (1.60, 2.00) | <0.001 |
| SCHS | |||||||
| Person-years | 173,539 | 24,265 | 45,210 | 20,429 | 35,451 | 48,184 | |
| Type 2 diabetes cases, n | 2036 | 184 | 472 | 207 | 428 | 745 | |
| Mean (range) | 28.4 (25.0–32.0) | 32.7 (25.0–34.9) | 36.1 (35.0–37.9) | 38.0 (38.0–38.9) | 39.5 (39.0–40.9) | 42.7 (41.0–52.0) | |
| Age adjusted | 1.06 (1.05, 1.07) | 1.00 | 1.39 (1.17, 1.64) | 1.34 (1.10, 1.64) | 1.60 (1.35, 1.90) | 2.05 (1.74, 2.41) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted | 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) | 1.00 | 1.39 (1.17, 1.64) | 1.34 (1.10, 1.63) | 1.59 (1.34, 1.89) | 2.06 (1.75, 2.42) | <0.001 |
| Pooled | |||||||
| Type 2 diabetes cases, n | 5419 | 662 | 970 | 824 | 1360 | 1603 | |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 | 1.47 (1.34, 1.63) | 1.27 (1.15, 1.41) | 1.51 (1.37, 1.65) | 2.04 (1.87, 2.24) | <0.001 | |
| Multivariate adjusted | 1.00 | 1.30 (1.17, 1.43) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.46) | 1.52 (1.39, 1.67) | 1.90 (1.74, 2.08) | <0.001 | |
Values are HRs (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated. We included all participants in the 2 studies when we estimated the association between lifestyle score and type 2 diabetes (CKB: 461,030; SCHS: 38,434). Model was adjusted for sex, age, region code, data sources (genetic data from genome-wide association study or single nucleotide polymorphism panel), and family history of diabetes in the CKB cohort and adjusted for sex, age, education, father dialect, and years of interview in the SCHS cohort. The participants in the 2 cohorts were pooled by quintile of GRS and the model was adjusted for sex, age, region, and data sources. Those in the lowest quintile of genetic risk serve as the reference group. CKB, China Kadoorie Biobank; GRS, genetic risk score; SCHS, Singapore Chinese Health Study.