Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort by ethnicity
| Non-Ethiopian Jews (reference) | Ethiopian Jews | Arabs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 5156 | 2938 | 5849 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 30.9 ± 6.4 | 30.5 ± 7.2 | 30.0 ± 7.0 |
| BMI kg/m2 (mean ± SD) (number) | 24.7 ± 5.7 (3406) | 23.2 ± 4.6 (1814) | 27.0 ± 6.3* (4260) |
| BMI ≤ 22.5 kg/m2 (number, %) | 1468 (43.1%) | 916 (50.5%)* | 1064 (25.0%)* |
| BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (number, %) | 210 (6.2%) | 19 (1.1%)* | 422 (9.9%)* |
| HDL-C mg/dl (mean ± SD) (number in the category) | 54.4 ± 13.3 (4236) | 52.5 ± 12.0 (2425) | 50.2 ± 11.5 (5077) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl (mean ± SD) (number) | 101.1 ± 57.9 (4347) | 90.5 ± 53.1 (2483) | 101.8 ± 67.9 (5157) |
| SBP mmHg (mean ± SD) (in the category) | 112.8 ± 12.2 (4587) | 114.0 ± 12.8 (2733) | 115.1 ± 11.5 (5607) |
| Non-gestational diabetes (number, %) | 84 (1.6%) | 78 (2.7%)* | 241 (4.1%)* |
| Women with ≥ 1 deliverya (number, %) | 1959 (38%) | 844 (29%) | 2369 (40.5%) |
| Total number of children ≤ 18 years | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.5* | 2.2 ± 1.6* |
| Number of births per womana | 0.48 | 0.36* | 0.53* |
| Multiparousa (number, %) | 3662/5156 = 71% | 2293/2938 = 78%* | 4138/5849 = 70.7% |
| Total screening for GDM (%)b | 83.0% | 85.5% | 87.2%* |
| One-step screening for GDM | 49/2416 = 2.0% | 15/1017 = 1.5% | 67/2997 = 2.2% |
| Proportion of pregnancies complicated with GDM (number, %) | 53/2416 = 2.2% | 44/1017 = 4.3%* | 86/2997 = 2.9% |
Values of BMI represent the last measurement before the first pregnancy or first recorded BMI for non-pregnant women during the study period. Other parameters represent the first measurement in the study period
BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus
aAmong women who delivered during the study period (including women with diabetes)
bIncluding one-step and two-step screening
*P < 0.05; compared to non-Ethiopian Jewish women—reference majority population