Table 2.
Characteristics of pregnant women with or without GDM by ethnicity
| Non-Ethiopian Jewish women (reference) | Ethiopian Jewish women | Arab women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGT | GDM | NGT | GDM | NGT | GDM | |
| Number | 1590 | 50 | 673 | 43 | 1977 | 83 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 30.3 ± 4 | 31.7 ± 5* | 30.9 ± 5 | 35.1 ± 5*,** | 27.9 ± 5 | 32.1 ± 6* |
| BMI kg/m2 (mean ± SD) (number) | 23.8 ± 5 (654) | 30.6 ± 5* (19) | 22.4 ± 4 (248) | 25.0 ± 4*,** (18) | 25.2 ± 5 (951) | 28.6 ± 5* (38) |
| HDL-C mg/dL (mean ± SD) (number) | 57 ± 13 (880) | 48 ± 12* (32) | 54 ± 12 (384) | 54 ± 11 (32) | 52 ± 12 (1179) | 52 ± 13 (56) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL, (median (IQR)) (number) | 80 (61,115) (968) | 116* (84,151) (33) | 75 (57, 101) (405) | 99* (72, 143) (34) | 79 (58, 117) (1249) | 113* (76, 152) (57) |
| SBP mmHg (mean ± SD) (number) | 109 ± 12 (764) | 117 ± 10* (22) | 109 ± 12 (372) | 115 ± 11* (26) | 112 ± 11 (1151) | 116 ± 12* (51) |
Values of age, BMI, HDL-C, triglycerides and SBP represent the last measurement before the first pregnancy during the study period
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, NGT normal glucose tolerance,BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,SBP systolic blood pressure
*Comparisons between women with and without GDM, within ethnic group p < 0.05
**Comparisons between Ethiopian Jewish or Arab women with GDM and non-Ethiopian Jewish women—reference majority population with GDM, p < 0.001