Figure 2.

ProBiotic-4 treatment modified brain and gut microbiota composition in aged SAMP8 mice. (A) and (B) α-Diversity of flora in the brain and feces. (C) and (D) β-Diversity of flora in the brain and feces. (E) and (F) Diversity of microbial composition based on quality-controlled OTU reads in the brain and feces. (G) F/B ratio. (H)–(J) Effects of ProBiotic-4 on Proteobacteria, Pseudomonas and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5–6/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus SAMP8 group treated with vehicle (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test).