Table 1. Risk factors for bone stress injury.

Biologic factors		Biomechanical factors
Female, sex		Training pattern
Genetics			Duration and frequency or intensity/speed changes
Medications		Bone characteristics
	Anticonvulsants, steroids, antidepressants, antacids		Thinner cortex
Female athlete triad		Anatomic consideration
Diet and nutrition			Lean body mass, foot type, smaller calf CSA, LLD
	Insufficient calcium and vitamin D

CSA = cross-sectional area, LLD = leg length discrepancy.