Table 4. Characteristics according to broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription after tooth extraction.

Variable	Division	Antibiotics				P-value
		Broad-spectrum		Narrow-spectrum
		n	%	n	%
All		189,167	45.88	223,141	54.12
Sex	Male	104,609	45.93	123,147	54.07	0.472
	Female	84,558	45.82	99,994	54.18
Age (yr)	19-30	36,299	47.68	39,824	52.32	<0.001
	31-40	22,601	46.16	26,362	53.84
	41-50	32,452	44.90	39,826	55.10
	51-60	42,614	45.39	51,274	54.61
	61-70	29,511	45.83	34,876	54.17
	≥71	25,690	45.33	30,979	54.67
Household income	Low	31,157	46.21	36,271	53.79	0.180
	Medium-low	29,962	45.87	35,363	54.13
	Medium	35,719	45.85	42,181	54.15
	Medium-high	41,409	45.59	49,424	54.41
	High	50,920	45.95	59,902	54.05
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	51,524	45.27	62,302	54.73	<0.001
	No	137,643	46.11	160,839	53.89
Hypertension	Yes	63,209	45.46	75,837	54.54	<0.001
	No	125,958	46.09	147,304	53.91
Type of dental institution	Dental hospital	23,430	59.21	16,141	40.79	<0.001
	Dental clinic	165,737	44.46	207,000	55.54
Region of dental institution	Urban	170,240	45.75	201,844	54.25	<0.001
	Rural	18,927	47.05	21,297	52.95
Year of prescription	2011	33,733	42.33	45,966	57.67	<0.001
	2012	33,184	41.84	46,127	58.16
	2013	36,203	43.84	46,379	56.16
	2014	41,211	48.30	44,119	51.70
	2015	45,407	51.50	42,764	48.50
Type of tooth extraction	Incisor extraction	21,195	44.03	26,945	55.97	<0.001
	Molar extraction	119,012	44.32	149,537	55.68
	Complicated extraction1	20,668	48.28	22,140	51.72
	Simply impacted tooth	6,920	48.26	7,418	51.74
	Complexly impacted tooth2	8,557	52.40	7,774	47.60
	Completely impacted tooth3	12,815	57.88	9,327	42.12

¹Cases where simple extraction was not possible due to root hypertrophy, root dilacerations, or osseointegration.

²Cases involving tooth splitting.

³Simultaneous tooth splitting and ostectomy of impacted tooth with ≥2/3 of crown impacted into alveolar bone.

P-value calculated using t-test and chi-squared test.