Table 1.

Brief summary of self-supported LDHs toward OER performance.

Electrocatalysts	Substrate∗	Overpotential (mV) at current densities (mA cm−2)	Tafel slope (mV dec−1)	Electrolyte	Ref.
3D NiFe LDH nanoplates	NF	280@30	50	1 M KOH	[47]
3D amorphous NiFe LDH	NF	270@1000	32	10 M KOH	[49]
Single-crystalline NiFe LDH	NF	260@100	31	1 M NaOH	[50]
Gradient NiFe LDH	NF	330@100	41.3	1 M KOH	[51]
3D core-shell NiFe LDH	CF	315@1000	27.8	1 M KOH	[35]
Intercalated NiFe LDH	CR	203@10	42	1 M KOH	[40]
Partially amorphous NiFe LDH	NIF	326@100	38	1 M KOH	[52]
Vertically aligned FeOOH/NiFe LDH	NF	247@100	42	1 M KOH	[55]
Hierarchical NiCo2S4@NiFe LDH	NF	201@60	46.3	1 M KOH	[58]
Cactuslike structural (Ni,Co)Se2/NiFe	CC	205@10	61	1 M KOH	[57]
NiFe2O4 nanoparticles/NiFe LDH	NF	265@1000	28.2	1 M KOH	[59]
NiFe LDH@NiCoP	NF	220@10	48.6	1 M KOH	[60]
NiCo LDH nanoplates	CP	367@10	40	1 M KOH	[65]
Vertical oriented NiCo LDH	CFP	307@10	64	1 M KOH	[66]
Hierarchical Cu@CoFe LDH	CF	318@100	44.4	1 M KOH	[35]
ZnCo LDH thin film	Ni foil	540@13.3	83	1 M KOH	[71]
NiMn LDH	SC	220@10	33	1 M KOH	[68]
NiCoFe LDHs	CFC	239@10	32	1 M KOH	[72]
Ni2.5Co0.5Fe LDHs	NF	275@10	52	0.1 M KOH	[73]
Holey NiFeCr LDHs	NF	260@100	29	1 M KOH	[76]
NiFeCr-6 : 2 : 1 LDHs	CP	225@25	69	1 M KOH	[77]
NiFeIr LDHs	NF	200@10	32	1 M KOH	[78]
NiFeV LDHs	NF	195@20	42	1 M KOH	[79]
NiFeZn LDHs	NF	250@105	34.9	1 M KOH	[81]
CoMoV LDHs	NF	270@10	106	1 M KOH	[80]

^∗NF: nickel foam; CF: copper foam; CR: carbon rods; NIF: nickel iron alloy foam; CC: carbon cloth; CP: carbon paper; CFP: carbon fiber paper; SC: sponge-derived carbon; CFC: carbon fiber cloth.