Table 2.

Phytochemical compounds of C. cainito.

Aerial part	Phytochemical compounds	Methods	Ref.
Fruit	(+)-Catechin; (–)-epicatechin; (+)-gallocatechin; (–)-epigallocatechin; quercetin; quercitrin; isoquercitrin; myricitrin; gallic acid	Vacuum-liquid chromatography	[6]
Fruit	104 volatile constituents with major compounds were (E)-2-hexenal; 1-hexanol; limonene; linalool; α-copaene; hexadecanoic acid	GC-MS	[16]
Fruit	Alkaloids; glycosides; proteins and amino acids; sterols; carbohydrates; phenolic compounds; flavonoids; saponins and tannins	Color test	[8]
Fruit	Cyanidin-3-glucoside	Column chromatography	[17]
Fruit	Gallic acid; protocatechuic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; chlorogenic acid; syringic acid; p-cormaric acid; ferulic acid; sinapinic acid; rutin; myricetin; luteolin; quercetin; apigenin; kaempferol; vitamin C	HPLC-DAD	[18]
Leaf	Lup-20(29)-en-3β-O-hexanoate; 3β-Lup-20(29)-en-3-yl acetate	Column chromatography	[9]
Fruit	Phytosterols; glycoside; alkaloids; tannins; flavonoids; saponin; protein; amino acid; carbohydrate; fat and fixed oil	Color test	[11]
Leaf	Terpenoids; phenolics; alkaloids; quaternary alkaloids; n-oxides; ursolic acid; β-sitosterol; lupeol; gallic acid	HPTLC	[20]
Fruit	Vitamin C; anthocyanins; phenolics; flavonoids; carotenoids	Color test followed by UV-Vis	[22]
Pulp	Saponin; tannins; flavonoids; steroid; cardiac glycoside; vitamin C; vitamin A	Color test followed by UV-Vis	[15]
Seed	Flavonoids; steroid; vitamin C; vitamin A	Color test followed by UV-Vis	[15]
Leaf	Flavonoids; phenolics	Color test followed by UV-Vis	[21]
Fruit	Polyphenolic compounds	HPLC-PAD	[23]
Stem bark	Phenols; tannins; glycosides; terpenoids and saponin	Color test	[7]
Leaf	Flavonoids; saponin	Color test	[24]
Leaf	Lupeol acetate; alpha-amyrin acetate	GC-MS	[25]
Leaf	Gallic acid; 3′ galloyl myrecetrin; rutin; quercetrin; myrecetrin; myricetin; quercetin; β–amyrin; lupeol	GC-MS	[19]