Table 3.
Estimates of the Effect of Hypothetical Air Pollutant Interventions on FVC Growth between Ages 11 and 15 Years
| Mean (95% CI) FVC Growth from Ages 11 to 15 yr (ml) | Absolute Change (95% CI) | Percent Change (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO2 | |||
| Observed exposure* | 1,368.7 (1,347.7 to 1,387.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Remain at cohort C levels† | 1,311.2 (1,287.0 to 1,330.0) | −57.5 (−71.0 to −46.1) | −4.2 (−5.2 to −3.4) |
| Percent reduction | |||
| 10% | 1,401.0 (1,378.9 to 1,422.7) | 32.3 (25.8 to 39.5) | 2.4 (1.9 to 2.9) |
| 20% | 1,433.3 (1,408.2 to 1,459.1) | 64.6 (51.7 to 79.0) | 4.7 (3.8 to 5.8) |
| 30% | 1,465.6 (1,435.2 to 1,496.9) | 96.9 (77.5 to 118.5) | 7.1 (5.7 to 8.6) |
| Hypothetical thresholds‡ | |||
| 30 ppb | 1,391.7 (1,369.9 to 1,412.5) | 23.0 (18.1 to 28.1) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1) |
| 20 ppb | 1,455.9 (1,426.6 to 1,485.4) | 87.2 (69.1 to 106.5) | 6.4 (5.0 to 7.8) |
| PM2.5 | |||
| Observed exposure* | 1,367.9 (1,347.4 to 1,386.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Remain at cohort C levels† | 1,305.8 (1,279.4 to 1,325.3) | −62.0 (−78.4 to −49.2) | −4.5 (−5.7 to −3.6) |
| Percent reduction | |||
| 10% | 1,388.4 (1,313.6 to 1,354.3) | 20.5 (15.8 to 25.8) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) |
| 20% | 1,408.8 (1,341.4 to 1,381.4) | 41.0 (31.9 to 51.6) | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.8) |
| 30% | 1,429.3 (1,368.1 to 1,410.2) | 61.5 (47.8 to 77.5) | 4.5 (3.5 to 5.6) |
| Hypothetical thresholds‡ | |||
| 15 μg/m3 | 1,431.0 (1,406.1 to 1,458.6) | 63.1 (48.7 to 80.1) | 4.6 (3.6 to 5.8) |
| 12 μg/m3 | 1,455.3 (1,426.2 to 1,489.3) | 87.4 (67.7 to 110.7) | 6.4 (5.0 to 8.1) |
For definition of abbreviations, see Table 2.
*
Predicted outcome based on observed exposure.
†
Predicted outcome if all participants in cohorts D and E had experienced exposures equal to that of participants in cohort C.
‡
Predicted outcome if all participants in communities that exceeded each threshold had been assigned exposures equal to that threshold.