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. 2020 Mar 2;145(3):e20192482. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2482

TABLE 1.

Maternal and Infant Characteristics Stratified by HCV-Negative and HCV-Positive Mother–Infant Pairs

Maternal Characteristics Mother HCV-Negative, N = 380 765 Mother HCV-Positive, N = 4072 P
Age, median (IQR), y 23 (20–27) 26 (23–30) <.001
Education, median (IQR), y 12 (11–13) 12 (11–12) <.001
Race, % (n) <.001
 White 66.3 (251 859) 92.9 (3775)
 African American 32.4 (123 071) 6.4 (261)
 Other 1.3 (4982) 0.6 (26)
Ethnicity, % (n) <.001
 Hispanic 3.3 (12 546) 1.3 (52)
 Non-Hispanic 96.7 (367 865) 98.7 (4012)
Residence rurality, % (n) <.001
 Urban 73.8 (280 465) 68.6 (2783)
 Rural adjacent 21.5 (81 696) 25.6 (1039)
 Rural remote 4.7 (17 947) 5.8 (236)
Pregnancy characteristics
 Gravidity, median (IQR) 1 (0–2) 2 (1–3) <.001
 Parity, median (IQR) 1 (0–2) 1 (0–2) <.001
 Admitted to ICU, % (n) 0.1 (370) 0.3 (12) <.001
 Tobacco use, % (n) 29 (110 286) 72 (2916) <.001
Maternal infections
 Hepatitis B, % (n) 0.2 (724) 2.5 (103) <.001
 HIV, % (n) 0.2 (673) 0.6 (24) <.001
Infant characteristics
 Gestational age at birth, median (IQR), wk 39 (38–39) 39 (37–39) <.001
 Birth wt, median (IQR), g 3204 (2863–3515) 3027 (2665–3372) <.001
 Small for gestational age (<10th percentile), % (n) 14 (51 707) 21 (871) <.001
Sex, % (n) .83
 Male 51 (194 404) 51 (2072)
 Female 49 (186 358) 49 (2000)
Admitted to NICU, % (n) 6.9 (26 222) 11.5 (467) <.001
Congenital or neonatal disorder,a % (n) 0.4 (1440) 0.4 (17) .69
Breastfed infant, % (n) 54 (196 178) 33 (1310) <.001
Health care use
 Prenatal visit No., median (IQR) 11 (9–14) 10 (7–13) <.001
 Well-child visit No., median (IQR) 6 (4–7) 6 (4–8) <.001

Data may not sum up to 100% because of missing data. IQR, interquartile range; —, not applicable.

a

Congenital or neonatal disorder included birth injury, cleft lip, cleft palate, confirmed trisomy 21, congenital hernia, gastroschisis, heart disease, hypospadias, limb reduction, omphalocele, seizures, and spina bifida.