Table 1.
Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients according to the insurance status at diagnosis
| Characteristics | Non‐Medicaid insured | Medicaid | Uninsured | Total | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 182 552 (87.9%) | 21 935 (10.6%) | 3262 (1.6%) | 207 749 (100%) | |
| Age at diagnosis | <.001 | ||||
| 18‐35 | 4331 (2.4%) | 968 (4.4%) | 192 (5.9%) | 5491 (2.6%) | |
| 36‐50 | 43 452 (23.8%) | 6707 (30.6%) | 1246 (38.2%) | 51 405 (24.7%) | |
| 51‐65 | 72 611 (39.8%) | 9299 (42.4%) | 1583 (48.5%) | 83 493 (40.2%) | |
| >65 | 62 158 (34.0%) | 4961 (22.6%) | 241 (7.4%) | 67 360 (32.4%) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| NHW | 135 361 (74.1%) | 9788 (44.6%) | 1499 (46.0%) | 146 648 (70.6%) | |
| NHB | 16 805 (9.2%) | 4173 (19.0%) | 706 (21.6%) | 21 684 (10.4%) | |
| NHA | 15 191 (8.3%) | 2553 (11.6%) | 279 (8.6%) | 18 023 (8.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 15 195 (8.3%) | 5421 (24.7%) | 778 (23.9%) | 21 394 (10.3%) | |
| Histology | <.001 | ||||
| IDC | 138 875 (76.1%) | 17 358 (79.1%) | 2608 (80.0%) | 158 841 (76.5%) | |
| ILC | 15 024 (8.2%) | 1384 (6.3%) | 185 (5.7%) | 16 593 (8.0%) | |
| Othersb | 28 653 (15.7%) | 3193 (14.6%) | 469 (14.4%) | 32 315 (15.6%） | |
| Grade | <.001 | ||||
| I | 42 603 (23.3%) | 3665 (16.7%) | 470 (14.4%) | 46 728 (22.5%) | |
| II | 79 809 (43.7%) | 8876 (40.5%) | 1301 (39.9%) | 89 986 (43.3%) | |
| III | 60 140 (32.9%) | 9404 (42.9%) | 1491 (45.7%) | 71 035 (34.2%) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | <.001 | ||||
| ≤2 | 116 155 (63.6%) | 10 322 (47.1%) | 1518 (46.5%) | 127 995 (61.6%) | |
| 2‐5 | 55 389 (30.3%) | 9025 (41.1%) | 1315 (40.3%) | 65 729 (31.6%) | |
| >5 | 11 008 (6.0%) | 2588 (11.8%) | 429 (13.2%) | 14 025 (6.8%) | |
| No. of positive LNs | <.001 | ||||
| 0 | 125 416 (68.7%) | 12 607 (57.5%) | 1855 (56.9%) | 139 878 (67.3%) | |
| 1‐3 | 40,274 (22.1%) | 5821 (26.5%) | 867 (26.6%) | 46 962 (22.6%) | |
| 4‐9 | 11 425 (6.3%) | 2271 (10.4%) | 372 (11.4%) | 14 068 (6.8%) | |
| ≥10 | 5437 (3.0%) | 1236 (5.6%) | 168 (5.2%) | 6841 (3.3%) | |
| Metastasis | <.001 | ||||
| No | 179 754 (98.5%) | 21 278 (97.0%) | 3174 (97.3%) | 204 206 (98.3%) | |
| Yes | 2798 (1.5%) | 657 (3.0%) | 88 (2.7%) | 3543 (1.7%) | |
| ER status | <.001 | ||||
| Negative | 32 263 (17.7%) | 5067 (23.1%) | 851 (26.1%) | 38 181 (18.4%) | |
| Positive | 150 289 (82.3%) | 16 868 (76.9%) | 2411 (73.9%) | 169 568 (81.6%) | |
| PR status | <.001 | ||||
| Negative | 51 471 (28.2%) | 7437 (33.9%) | 1173 (36.0%) | 60 081 (28.9%) | |
| Positive | 131 081 (71.8%) | 14 498 (66.1%) | 2089 (64.0%) | 147 668 (71.1%) | |
| Surgery | <.001 | ||||
| No | 901 (0.5%) | 283 (1.3%) | 59 (1.8%) | 1243 (0.6%) | |
| BCS | 104 969 (57.5%) | 10 242 (46.7%) | 1497 (46.7%) | 116 708 (56.2%) | |
| Mastectomy | 76 682 (42.0%) | 11 410 (52.0%) | 1706 (52.0%) | 89 798 (43.2%) | |
| Chemotherapy | <.001 | ||||
| No/unknown | 103 421 (56.7%) | 10 062 (45.9%) | 1227 (37.6%) | 114 710 (55.2%) | |
| Yes | 79 131 (43.3%) | 11 873 (54.1%) | 2035 (62.4%) | 93 039 (44.8%) | |
| Radiation | <.001 | ||||
| No/unknown | 80 176 (43.9%) | 10 712 (48.8%) | 1572 (48.2%) | 92 460 (44.5%) | |
| Yes | 102 376 (56.1%) | 11 223 (51.2%) | 1690 (51.8%) | 115 289 (55.5%) | |
| Marital status | <.001 | ||||
| Married | 115 585 (63.3%) | 7778 (35.5%) | 1469 (45.0%) | 124 832 (60.1%) | |
| Single | 22 472 (12.3%) | 6473 (29.5%) | 1010 (31.0%) | 29 955 (14.4%) | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 44 495 (24.4%) | 7684 (35.0%) | 783 (24.0%) | 52 962 (25.5%) | |
| Residencec | <.001 | ||||
| Nonmetro area | 17 291 (9.5%) | 2801 (12.8%) | 444 (13.6%) | 20 536 (9.9%) | |
| Metro area | 165 261 (90.5%) | 19,134 (87.2%) | 2818 (86.4%) | 187 213 (90.1%) | |
| Median household income, US $c | 63 340 | 61 020 | 61 020 | 62 330 | <.001 |
| Poverty ratec | 13.1% | 16.7% | 16.3% | 13.3% | <.001 |
| Unemployment ratec | 6.9% | 7.6% | 7.1% | 6.9% | <.001 |
| Education levelc | 87.5% | 87.4% | 86.5% | 87.5% | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BCS, breast conserving surgery; ER, estrogen receptor; IDC, infiltrating ductal carcinoma; ILC, infiltrating lobular carcinoma; LN, lymph node; NHA, Non‐Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native; NHB, Non‐Hispanic Black; NHW, Non‐Hispanic White; PR, progesterone receptor.
The chi‐square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal‐Wallis test for continuous variables were used to calculate P value.
Including other histology of invasive breast cancer except IDC and ILC.
All data are county level. Education level represented the percentage of patients aged ≥25 y with at least a high school diploma.