Table II. Clinical characteristics of the validation cohort at time of urine collection. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, except for sex (frequency). p values are shown between youths with and without type 1 diabetes.

Clinical characteristics	Youths without T1D (n = 15)	Youths with T1D (n = 15)	p
Age (years)	16.0 ± 1.2	16.5 ± 1.1	0.2548
Sex (females/males)	5/10	6/9	0.7047
Glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c (%)	5.1 ± 0.3	9.1 ± 1.6	0.0000
Diabetes duration (years)	0.0 ± 0.0	10.4 ± 2.9	0.0000
Body mass index, BMI (kg/m2)	22.5 ± 4.8	23.3 ± 4.2	0.6781
z-score BMI	0.39 ± 1.67	0.64 ± 1.03	0.6395
Systolic blood pressure, SBP (mmHg)	120 ± 11	115 ± 11	0.2746
z-score SBP	0.56 ± 1.05	0.01 ± 1.05	0.1989
Diastolic blood pressure, DBP (mmHg)	64 ± 9	66 ± 8	0.5621
z-score DBP	−0.20 ± 0.71	−0.11 ± 0.67	0.7548
Albumin/creatinine ratio, ACR (mg/mmol)	0.6 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 1.1	0.1554
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)	102 ± 15	115 ± 24	0.0721