Table 2.
Socio-demographic characteristics of Umrah pilgrims (n = 350)
| Variables | Mean (SD) | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 43.85 (15.80) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 110 | 37.4 | |
| Female | 184 | 62.6 | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 289 | 98.7 | |
| Chinese | 0 | 0 | |
| Indian | 1 | 0.3 | |
| Others | 3 | 1.0 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 85 | 28.9 | |
| Married | 198 | 67.4 | |
| Divorced/widowed | 11 | 3.7 | |
| Occupation | |||
| Student | 20 | 6.8 | |
| Civil servant | 76 | 26.0 | |
| Private sector | 92 | 31.5 | |
| Pensioner | 45 | 15.6 | |
| Housewife | 32 | 10.9 | |
| Self-employed | 27 | 9.2 | |
| Highest level of education | |||
| PhD | 4 | 1.4 | |
| Master’s degree | 20 | 6.8 | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 58 | 19.7 | |
| Diploma | 93 | 31.6 | |
| Secondary school | 107 | 36.4 | |
| Primary school | 12 | 4.1 | |
| History of vaccination | |||
| Meningococcal vaccine | 111 | 37.8 | |
| Influenza (flu) vaccine | 52 | 17.7 | |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 25 | 8.5 | |
| Presence of Co-morbidities | |||
| Chronic lung disease | 4 | 1.4 | |
| Neuromuscular disease | 10 | 3.4 | |
| Allergic rhinitis | 5 | 1.7 | |
| Diabetes | 21 | 7.1 | |
| Hypertension | 46 | 15.6 | |
| Heart disease | 8 | 2.7 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 | 0.7 | |
| Immune deficiency disorders | 1 | 0.3 | |