Table 3.
Results of Multilevel Models Examining Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Memory Self-Report on Depressive Symptoms
| Depressive Symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHATS | HRS | |||
| Model 1 b (SE) |
Model 2 b (SE) |
Model 1 b (SE) |
Model 2 b (SE) |
|
| Intercept | 2.731** (0.046) | 2.705** (0.048) | 1.188** (0.128) | 0.864 ** (0.128) |
| Time | 0.009 (0.006) | 0.002 (0.006) | 0.030** (0.005) | 0.025** (0.005) |
| Self-rated Memorywp | 0.027 (0.013) | – | 0.179** (0.015) | – |
| Self-rated Memorylag | − 0.013 (0.016) | – | 0.033 (0.016) | – |
| Perceived 2-year Declinewp | – | 0.407** (0.032) | – | 0.456** (0.029) |
| Perceived 2-year Declinelag | – | 0.195** (0.032) | – | 0.269** (0.030) |
| Female (ref = male) | 0.146** (0.031) | 0.141** (0.031) | 0.267** (0.052) | 0.251** (0.052) |
| Education: < HS (ref = HS education) | 0.093 (0.050) | 0.082 (0.049) | 0.288** (0.054) | 0.322** (0.053) |
| Education: > HS (ref = HS education) | −0.206** (0.034) | − 0.216** (0.033) | − 0.338** (0.069) | − 0.388** (0.068) |
| Age category | − 0.012 (0.228) | − 0.049 (0.222) | 0.449 (0.467) | 0.394 (0.461) |
| Black (ref = White) | 0.159** (0.038) | 0.153** (0.038) | 0.079 (0.079) | 0.078 (0.078) |
| Income $15,000 - $30,000 (ref = < $15,000) | 0.052 (0.045) | 0.051 (0.044) | −0.286** (0.062) | −0.278** (0.061) |
| Income $30,001–$60,000 (ref = < $15,000) | −0.070 (0.040) | − 0.057 (0.040) | −0.332** (0.075) | − 0.342** (0.074) |
| Income > $60,000 (ref = < $15,000) | −0.166** (0.041) | − 0.158** (0.040) | −0.399** (0.093) | − 0.416** (0.092) |
| Single/Widowed (ref = Married/Partnered) | 0.071 (0.032) | 0.072 (0.032) | 0.041 (0.056) | −0.030 (0.056) |
Note. NHATS and HRS data were analyzed in separate multilevel analyses. Additionally, Models 1 and 2 were analyzed separately. Model 1 examined the association of self-rated memory with depressive symptoms whereas Model 2 examined the association of perceived 2-year memory decline with depressive symptoms. Results from analyses with NHATS and HRS data are presented together for ease of comparison. All models were analyzed separately. HS = High School; WP = baseline within person. Lag = variable information used from one-year prior. **p ≤ .001, *p ≤ .01