Table 4.

Results of Multilevel Models Examining Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Memory Self-Report

	Self-rated Memory		Perceived Memory Decline
	Model 1		Model 2
	NHATS b (SE)	HRS b (SE)	NHATS OR (95%CI)	HRS OR (95%CI)
Intercept	2.552** (0.019)	2.902** (0.061)	–	–
Time	0.059** (0.004)	0.048** (0.003)	1.209** (1.143–1.279)	1.144** (1.120–1.169)
Depressive Symptomswp	0.021** (0.006)	0.022** (0.004)	1.286** (1.189–1.390)	1.145** (1.115–1.177)
Depressive Symptomslag	0.003 (0.007)	0.009 (0.004)	1.040 (0.948–1.142)	1.012 (0.982–1.043)
Female (ref = male)	−0.006 (0.025)	−.0.122** (0.026)	1.131 (0.864–1.479)	0.885 (0.751–1.044)
Education: <HS (ref = HS education)	0.056 (0.040)	0.138** (0.027)	1.377 (0.906–2.093)	0.854 (0.720–1.013)
Education: > HS (ref = HS education)	−0.193** (0.028)	− 0.143** (0.035)	1.368 (1.019–1.836)	1.296 (1.048–1.602)
Age category	−0.096 (0.182)	− 0.356 (0.235)	1.291 (0.203–8.196)	1.200 (0.269–5.350)
Black (ref = White)	0.193** (0.031)	0.098 (0.040)	0.984 (0.709–1.367)	1.131 (0.880–1.453)
Income $15,000 - $30,000 (ref = < $15,000)	0.001 (0.036)	−0.032 (0.030)	1.051 (0.727–1.521)	0.856 (0.702–1.043)
Income $30,001–$60,000 (ref = < $15,000)	−0.072 (0.032)	− 0.071 (0.038)	0.654 (0.459–0.932)	0.976 (0.771–1.234)
Income > $60,000 (ref = < $15,000)	−0.143** (0.033)	− 0.068 (0.047)	0.792 (0.558–1.124)	1.024 (0.765–1.370)
Single/Widowed (ref = Married/Partnered)	0.023 (0.026)	−0.064 (0.028)	1.021 (0.777–1.343)	0.831 (0.696–0.993)

Note. HRS and NHATS datasets were analyzed in separate multilevel analyses. Additionally, the association of depressive symptoms (predictor) with self-rated memory (Model 1) and perceived 2-year memory decline (Model 2) were analyzed separately. Results from analyses with NHATS and HRS data are presented together for ease of comparison. All models were analyzed separately. HS = High School; WP = baseline within person. ^**p ≤ .001. ^*p ≤ .01