Table 3.

Factors associated with the use of antibiotics for prevention of disease in the past 12 months from the farmer survey

Characteristics	Categories	Number of farms with data available	Use of antibiotic for prevention (%)	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Farmer’s highest level of education	Primary school	37	17 (46.0)	rv
	Secondary school and higher	47	30 (63.8)	2.28 (0.92–5.65)	0.10
Farmer’s experience	≤10 years	37	16 (43.3)	rv
	>10 years	47	31 (66.0)	2.82 (1.01–8.08)	0.04*
Farmer’s knowledge a	Score<60%	29	14 (48.3)	rv
	Score≥60%	52	32 (61.5)	1.86 (0.72–4.75)	0.19
Size of farm	Smallholder farm	26	11 (42.3)	rv
	Commercial farm	58	36 (62.1)	2.54 (0.96–6.71)	0.05
Type of farm	Farrowing to finisher farm	54	37 (68.5)	rv
	Fattening	30	10 (33.3)	0.33 (0.12–0.87)	0.02*
GAP certified farm	No	53	26 (49.1)	rv
	Yes	31	21 (67.7)	2.54 (0.96–6.71)	0.05
Member of cooperative farm	No	67	33 (49.3)	rv
	Yes	17	14 (82.4)	7.73 (1.49–40.01)	0.01*
Contracted farm	No	76	42 (55.3)	rv
	Yes	8	5 (62.5)	1.28 (0.28–5.80)	0.75
Household income per month	Less than BHT 50,000	47	21 (44.7)	rv
	More than BHT 50,000	23	18 (78.3)	4.46 (1.32–15.05)	0.01*
Advice on animal health	Not receiving advice	16	5 (31.3)	rv
	Receiving advice	68	42 (61.8)	3.78 (1.12–12.73)	0.02*

*Statistically significant at p<0.05.

†Knowledge: five true/false statements in relation to the use of antibiotics and AMR, taken from the AMR module in the 2017 National Health Welfare survey form.

AMR, antimicrobial resistance; GAP, Good Agriculture Practice; rv, reference value.