. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;101(3):418–425. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.09.010

Table 3.

Relationship between pain distribution and gait performance outcomes under single and dual-task conditions, 292 older adults, MOBILIZE Boston Study II.

				Double Support	Stride Length	Swing Time
	Gait Speed	Stride Length	Swing Time %	Time %	Variability (CV)	Variability (CV)
Pain Distribution	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†
Single-Task
Single site pain	−0.11(0.03)^**	−6.61(2.85)^*	−0.05(0.02)^**	0.08(0.03)^**	0.08(0.07)	0.20(0.05)^***
Multisite pain	−0.12(0.03)^***	−9.03(2.61)^**	−0.04(0.01)^**	0.08(0.02)^**	0.11(0.06)	0.24(0.05)^***

Easy Dual-Task
Single site pain	−0.11(0.03)^**	−7.28(2.98)^*	−0.07(0.02)^**	0.09(0.03)^***	0.19(0.06)^**	0.23(0.07)^**
Multisite pain	−0.09(0.03)^**	−7.70(2.72)^**	−0.05(0.02)^*	0.08(0.02)^***	0.11(0.06)	0.15(0.06)^*

Hard Dual-Task
Single site pain	−0.09(0.03)^**	−7.05(2.97)^*	−0.08(0.02)^**	0.10(0.03)^**	0.18(0.07)^*	0.22(0.07)^**
Multisite pain	−0.09(0.03)^***	−7.38(2.72)^***	−0.05(0.02)^*	0.08(0.03)^**	0.11(0.06)	0.17(0.07)^*

^†

Multivariable linear regression models with pace gait parameters (gait speed and stride length) and log transformed phase and variability gait parameters (swing time %, double support time %, stride length CV, swing time CV) as dependent variables. The pain distribution groups (single site and multisite pain) are separate predictor variable in the model (“no pain” is regarded as reference for both pain variables). Models adjusted for age in years, sex, years of education, obesity and overweight, psychoactive and analgesic medication use and limited vision.

Significance of the coefficients for pain groups as predictors of gait parameters p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

^***

p<0.001.