. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;101(3):418–425. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.09.010

Table 4.

Dual-task cost (DTC %) according to pain distribution, 302 older adults, MOBILIZE Boston Study II.

Number of Pain Sites		No Pain		Single Site Pain		Multisite Pain^*
Number of Pain Sites		(n=96)		(n=75)		(n=131)

Variables		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Gait Speed (m/sec)	DTC Easy	15.3	10.3	18.3	10.6	15.4	11.7
Gait Speed (m/sec)	DTC Hard	21.7	13.9	23.0	13.1	20.9	13.5
Stride Length (cm)	DTC Easy	7.1	6.2	8.8	6.2	7.0	6.6
Stride Length (cm)	DTC Hard	10.2	8.6	11.5	7.5	9.6	7.0
Swing Time (%)	DTC Easy	3.1	4.3	5.2	6.0	4.0	5.2
Swing Time (%)	DTC Hard	5.2	6.4	7.8	9.1	6.2	7.2
Double Support Time (%)	DTC Easy	6.8	8.2	8.7	7.0	6.9	7.6
Double Support Time (%)	DTC Hard	11.1	13.8	13.1	13.8	10.2	10.3
Stride Length Variability (CV)^a	DTC Easy	29.3	50.5	39.6	49.7	29.7	56.0
Stride Length Variability (CV)^a	DTC Hard	54.0	96.9	56.0	71.4	44.4	61.6
Swing Time Variability (CV)^a	DTC Easy	56.9	109.5	51.9	50.7	43.3	79.3
Swing Time Variability (CV)^a	DTC Hard	83.5	143.4	71.6	79.4	65.9	101.0

$D T C [%] = 100 \times \frac{(Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e) - (D u a l - T a s k S c o r e)}{Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e}$ for gait speed, stride length, and swing time (%).

$D T C [%] = 100 \times \frac{(D u a l - T a s k S c o r e) - (Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e)}{Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e}$ for double support time (%), stride length variability and swing time variability.

CV= coefficient of variation

In general linear regression testing for linear trend across pain groups, there was no significant trend in any of the dual-task cost outcomes according to pain distribution.