. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;101(3):418–425. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.09.010

Table 5.

Relationship between pain distribution and Dual-task cost (DTC), 292 older adults, MOBILIZE Boston Study II.

				Double Support	Stride Length	Swing Time
	Gait Speed	Stride Length	Swing Time %	Time %	Variability (CV)	Variability (CV)
Pain Distribution	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†	β (SE)^†

DTC Easy
Single site pain	2.43 (1.71)	1.41 (0.97)	1.84 (0.80)^*	1.72 (1.19)	11.80 (7.79)	−4.51 (13.52)
Multisite pain	−0.72 (1.56)	−0.69 (0.89)	0.37 (0.73)	−0.48 (1.09)	−1.26 (7.12)	−16.32 (12.35)

DTC Hard
Single site pain	1.58 (2.08)	1.41 (1.15)	2.54 (1.12)^*	2.74 (1.81)	12.21 (10.98)	−9.84 (17.95)
Multisite pain	−0.62 (1.90)	−0.83 (1.05)	0.50 (1.02)	−0.47 (1.66)	−4.80 (10.04)	−15.99 (16.40)

$D T C [%] = 100 \times \frac{(Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e) - (D u a l - T a s k S c o r e)}{Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e}$ for gait speed, stride length, and swing time (%).

$D T C [%] = 100 \times \frac{(D u a l - T a s k S c o r e) - (Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e)}{Sin g l e - T a s k S c o r e}$ for double support time (%), stride length variability and swing time variability.

^†

Multivariable linear regression models with DTC variables as dependent variables. The pain distribution categories (single site and multisite pain) are the main predictor variables in the model (“no pain” is regarded as reference). Models adjusted for age in years, sex, years of education, obesity and overweight, psychoactive and analgesic medication use and limited vision.

Significance of the coefficient for pain as a predictor of dual-task cost, p<0.05.