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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 12;28(3):304–316. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.10.003

Table 2.

Neurocognitive Test Results Before and After Treatment with Electroconvulsive Therapy and Venlafaxine Obtained from Paired T-Test a

Neurocognitive
Test		 Baseline End Raw effect
size
(Change from
baseline)		 Standardi
zed effect
size		 T-
statist
icc 		DFc P-
value
c
Mean SD Mean SD Mean 95%
Confidence
Interval		 Cohen’s
db
Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form (AMI-SF)
Total score 50.3 7.4 37.2 10.5 −13.1 −14.2, − 11.9 −1.43 −22.10 158.7 <0.0001
                     
California Verbal Learning Test – II (CVLT-II)
Trial 1 −5 total recall T-score 41.6 12.1 40.5 12.1 −1.1 −2.9, 0.6 −0.08 −1.28 155.0 0.20
Short delay free recall z-score −0.9 1.2 −1.2 1.2 −0.3 −0.4, −0.1 −0.20 −3.17 146.9 0.002
Long delay free recall z-score −1.1 1.6 −1.3 1.2 −0.2 −0.4, 0.0 −0.10 −1.58 143.3 0.12
Recognition discrimination z-score −0.7 1.2 −1.1 1.4 −0.4 −0.6, −0.2 −0.22 −3.44 138.6 0.0008
                     
Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
Letter fluency scaled score 8.6 4.4 7.1 3.6 −1.5 −2.0, −1.0 −0.39 −6.08 146.3 <0.0001
                   
Dementia Rating Scale-2nd Edition (DRS-2)
Initiation/Perseveration Index scaled score 7.8 3.3 7.3 3.5 −0.4 −0.9, 0.1 −0.11 −1.74 165.4 0.08
                     
Stroop Color and Word Test (Stroop)
Word T-score 33.7 12.3 30.8 10.9 −2.9 −4.4, − 1.4 −0.24 −3.73 138.1 0.0003
Color T-score 29.5 12.3 30.3 11.6 0.7 −0.8, 2.3 0.06 0.92 142.3 0.36
Color-Word T-score 39.5 10.6 38.2 10.5 −1.4 −2.8, − 0.0 −0.12 −1.92 136.8 0.06
                     
Trail Making Test
Part A scaled score 8.1 2.7 7.1 3.0 −0.9 −1.4, −0.5 −0.27 −4.17 114.4 <0.0001
Part B scaled score 7.6 3.5 6.5 3.1 −1.1 −1.7, −0.5 −0.23 −3.63 80.1 0.0005

SD=standard deviation; DF=degrees for freedom

a

Baseline, end, and change from baseline means and standard deviations (sd) for neurocognitive variables were obtained using a multiple imputation procedure with Markov Chain-Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and 100 imputations for missing data [SAS (v9.4) statistical software (SAS Proc MI and Proc MIAnalyze)]. Variables included in the imputation model were outcome status (remitter, nonremitters, dropout), age, baseline and last observed HRSD24 total score, sex, education, baseline and last observed HRSD24 total raw score, and number of ECT sessions in Phase 1.

b

Cohen’s d was calculated as the raw change from baseline divided by raw change from baseline standard deviation.

c

The t-statistic, degrees of freedom (df), and p-value were for paired t-test incorporated into the multiple imputation procedure described in footnote a above.