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. 2020 Mar;12(3):a036400. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036400

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Biological pathways of gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation. (A) Canonical inflammasomes triggered by a wide array of pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs) activate caspase-1, which cleaves GSDMD and liberates GSDMD-NT for pore formation, cell content release, and pyroptosis. Caspase-1 also cleaves certain interleukin 1 (IL-1) family cytokines into their mature forms. (B) A complex of cytosolic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and caspase-11 known as the noncanonical inflammasome cleaves GSDMD to generate the pore-forming GSDMD-NT. (C) YopJ of Yersinia pestis inhibits transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) for caspase-8-mediated cleavage of GSDMD and pyroptosis. (D) In aging neutrophils, an elastase cleaves and activates GSDMD.