Noninvasive (Sung, Pulliam, & Edwards, 2007) Dosage form easy to carry and use (Mangal, Gao, & Zhou, 2017) Enhances treatment by localization for lung disease and avoidance off-target effects (Koshkina, Gilbert, Waldrep, Seryshev, & Knight, 1999) Improves pharmacokinetics (Reed et al., 2013) Reduces dosage needed (Kuzmov & Minko, 2015; Reed et al., 2013) Lymphatic circulation can redistribute drugs into peripheral airways (Blank et al., 2013; Zarogoulidis et al., 2012) Avoids first pass metabolism and low enzymatic activity in lungs (Greene & McElvaney, 2009; Olsson et al., 2011) Large absorptive surface area with thin alveolar epithelium and rich blood supply for systemic disease (Breeze & Turk, 1984; Bur, Henning, Hein, Schneider, & Lehr, 2009; Edwards et al., 1997; Patton, 1996) Possible high lung toxicity of drug (Kuzmov & Minko, 2015) Possible degradation by macrophages (Kuzmov & Minko, 2015) Risk of drug-induced lung injury or exacerbation of existing diseases (Card, Zeldin, Bonner, & Nestmann, 2008) Aerosolization can potentially negatively influence active pharmaceutical ingredient activity (Beck-Broichsitter, Knuedeler, Schmehl, & Seeger, 2013; Dailey et al., 2003; Smith, 1997) Deposition and distribution in different regions challenging and influenced by lung geometry, condition, and breathing pattern (Mangal et al., 2017) Potential absorption into blood and lymphatic circulation (Choi et al., 2010; Seydoux et al., 2016; Tatsumura, Koyama, Tsujimoto, Kitagawa, & Kagamimori, 1993) Delivery system can be time-consuming and/or cumbersome to use |
Quick administration (i.e., injection, oral) Immediate dissolution in bloodstream with IV injections No extra or complicated devices for administration Easily controlled and adjustable drug dosage High patient compliance with injections and oral administration Lower efficiency and accumulation in lung (Smola, Vandamme, & Sokolowski, 2008) Potential adverse side effects to nontarget organs (Smola et al., 2008) Possible enzymatic degradation in GI tract and liver (Kuzmov & Minko, 2015) Shorter half-lives of small molecule drugs in bloodstream (Reed et al., 2013) Potential clearance by reticuloendothelial system (Reed et al., 2013) Higher doses necessary in cases of unfavorable drug distributions (Reed et al., 2013) |
