Irion 2011.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial comparing standing water immersion for 20 minutes with sitting upright in a chair with legs elevated for 20 minutes.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: healthy pregnant women(at least 34 weeks) with functionally significant lower extremity oedema that limited activity during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy and were cleared medically by their obstetrician. Functionally significant was defined as "visually evident ankle/foot swelling, inability to wear shoes worn prior to pregnancy, and obvious indentation following removal of socks" Exclusion criteria: none stated.
Interventions	Standing in water immersion for 20 minutes compared with sitting upright in a chair with legs elevated for 20 minutes. Women standing in water were allowed to stand or walk in place. Water temperature was between 29 and 33 degrees celsius.
Outcomes	Measured foot volume.
Notes	Sample size: 32 women. Country: Alabama, USA. Study years: not reported.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Sequence generation not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation concealment not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding not possible due to the nature of the intervention.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding of outcome assessor not described/possible due to the nature of the intervention.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	32 women randomised, and data for all women reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Only 1 outcome, foot volume, appears to have been collected and reported.
Other bias	Low risk	None noted.