Table 1.

General characteristics of TOV study participants

Variable	Male		Female		Total		p
	N (x̅)	% (SD)	N (x̅)	%(SD)	N	%
Socio-demographic characteristics
Wealth index
Lowest	151	15.2	498	22.1	649	20.0	<0.001
Low	177	17.82	480	21.3	657	20.2
Middle	242	24.4	492	21.8	734	22.6
High	215	21.7	413	18.3	628	19.4
Highest	208	20.9	370	16.5	578	17.8
Primary school
Completed	743	86.5	1659	86.4	2402	86.4	0.949
Not completed	116	13.5	261	13.6	377	13.6
Secondary education
Any class	170	51.8	254	40.2	424	44.2	0.001
None	158	48.2	378	59.8	536	55.8
Advanced schooling
Any level	73	29.6	89	17.7	162	21.6	<0.001
None	174	70.4	415	82.3	589	78.4
Nutritional status (BMI)
Nutritional status
Underweight	380	30.0	724	26.6	1104	27.7	<0.001
Normal	769	60.7	1506	55.3	2275	57.0
Overweight	119	9.3	495	18.1	614	15.3
Severity of undernutrition
Severe	80	21.1	190	26.2	270	24.4	0.123
Moderate	81	21.3	157	21.7	238	21.6
Mild	219	57.6	377	52.1	596	54.0
Feeding practices
Dietary diversity
Mean	(2.94)	(0.05)	(2.94)	(0.03)			0.424
DDS < 3	459	46.2	985	46.1	1444	46.1	0.945
DDS > =3	534	53.8	1152	53.9	1686	53.9
Any starchy
None	93	9.5	182	8.5	275	8.8
Once	833	83.9	1782	83.4	2615	83.6	0.294
2–3	56	5.6	155	7.2	211	6.7
4 and above	11	1.0	18	0.9	29	0.9
Any protein
None	299	30.1	677	31.7	976	31.2
Once	647	65.2	1355	63.4	2002	64.0	0.367
2–3	35	3.5	89	4.1	124	3.9
4 and above	12	1.2	16	0.8	28	0.9
Any Animal protein
None	313	31.5	711	33.3	1024	32.7
Once	634	63.9	1332	62.3	1966	62.8	0.180
2–3	34	3.4	82	3.8	116	3.7
4 and above	12	1.2	12	0.6	24	0.8
Any other protein
None	870	87.6	1884	88.2	2754	88.0
Once	119	12.0	228	10.7	347	11.1	0.144
2–3	3	0.3	20	0.9	23	0.7
4 and above	1	0.1	5	0.2	6	0.2
Any green vegetables
None	605	60.9	1265	59.2	1870	59.8
Once	350	35.3	778	36.4	1128	36.0	0.673
2–3	31	3.1	81	3.8	112	3.6
4 and above	7	0.7	13	0.6	20	0.6
Any fruits
None	456	47.9	999	46.8	1455	46.5
Once	470	47.3	979	45.8	1449	46.3	0.348
2–3	51	5.2	135	6.3	186	5.9
4 and above	16	1.6	24	1.1	40	1.3