Table 2.

Factors influencing CF

Family level
Promoters	Study number	Barriers	Study number
Father’s occupation	1 study [6]	Father’s occupation	1 study [6]
Mother with secondary or primary education	7 studies [6, 16, 23, 31, 38, 39, 45]	Mother with poor education	9 studies [6, 21, 23, 35, 36, 38, 39, 45, 41]
Knowledge on appropriate CFP recommendations and benefits	3 studies [14, 32, 36]	Father with poor education	1 study [6]
The practice of responsive feeding; applying the principles of psychosocial care during feeding e.g. strategies to overcome poor child appetite.	1 study [33]	Lack of knowledge of CF	8 studies [14, 24, 26, 32, 35, 40, 42, 46]
Higher number of food groups consumed in maternal diet	2 studies [15, 16]	Maternal death leading to fostering of child	1 study [42]
Education on health nutrition by health workers	1 study [35]	Psychosocial care during feeding, Mothers’ strategies to overcome poor child appetite(e.g. force feed child refusing CF).	3 studies [26, 33, 40]
Mothers produced sufficient milk to feed baby for over 6 months	1 study [35]	Limited engagement of mother with e.g. TV, radio, newspapers.	1 study [6]
Mother engages with media sources; newspapers, radio, TV	1 study [6]	Cultural factors and taboos	3 studies [14, 26, 35]
Child in question is male	2 studies [26, 37]	Family members influence CFP (Lack of support for appropriate CFP, advice, decision making, family dimensions etc.)	3 studies [14, 26, 35]
Child’s taste and behavioural response to appropriate CF given (e.g. perceived preference).	1 study [14]	Higher maternal parity	3 studies [16, 36, 45]
		Maternal employment	2 studies [24, 36]
		Perceived /actual inadequacy of Mother’s breast milk supply to breastfeed for 6 months.	5 studies [14, 24–26, 35]
		Time allocation of mother to household chores /work reduces time to address CFP	4 studies [14, 24, 32, 36]
		Child’s taste and behavioural response to CF given (e.g. refuses/doesn’t cry when certain foods offered)	2 studies [14, 35]
		Illness of parent	2 studies [24, 32]
Organisational level
Promoters	Study number	Barriers	Study number
Residence in urban area	2 studies [6, 41]	Residence in rural area	3 studies [6, 45, 41]
Interventions (e.g. health and Nutrition educators) advocating and stimulating families to practice WHO recommendations on CFP	1 study [2]	Bureaucratic policies on IYCF practices and outreach of information on appropriate CFP to public.	1 study [44]
Mother having higher number of antenatal check ups	3 studies [6, 45, 41]	Mothers having no antenatal check-ups	1 study [6]
Higher household food security	2 studies [15, 37]	Living in areas that flood	2 studies [24, 25]
Household wealth index rich or richest	4 studies [6, 37, 45, 46]	Household wealth index poor or poorest.	7 studies [6, 22, 24, 25, 42, 45, 46]
Use of local officials to promote food already in households to be used as CF	1 study [14]	Lower household food security	4 studies [15, 24, 37, 44]
		Lack of provision of maternity leave	1 study [44]