Table 1.
Demographic and Preoperative Characteristics of Patient Population.a
| Age at primary Fontan surgery, years | 5.6 (1.1–34.9) |
| Type of primary Fontan | |
| Atriopulmonary | 109 (78) |
| Conduit (valved or nonvalved/Björk modification) | 18 (13) |
| Lateral tunnel | 12 (9) |
| Time since primary Fontan surgery, years | 16.9 (6.3–30.7) |
| Age at Fontan conversion surgery, years | 23.2 (2.6–47.3) |
| Male | 79 (57) |
| Left ventricular morphology | 119 (86) |
| Heterotaxy syndrome | 5 (4) |
| NYHA classification | |
| I | 1 (<1) |
| II | 42 (30) |
| III | 73 (53) |
| IV | 23 (17) |
| Protein-losing enteropathy | 4 (3) |
| Ascites | 26 (22) |
| Thyroid disease | 21 (15) |
| At least moderate ventricular dysfunction | 20 (14) |
| At least moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation | 17 (12) |
Abbreviation: NYHA, New York Heart Association.
a
Data are reported as median (range) or frequency (percentage).