Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of habitual breakfast eaters categorised by the timing of the first meal of the day
| Early Breakfast Eaters (EBE)a (n = 79) | Late Breakfast Eaters (LBE)b (n = 15) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) | 84.0% (79) | 16.0% [15] | |
| Age y (mean ± SD) | 31 ± 7 | 26 ± 7 | 0.012 |
| cHeight (mean ± SD) | 179.8 ± 6.3 | 179.8 ± 8.0 | 0.99 |
| dWeight (mean ± SD) | 81.9 ± 13.5 | 85.5 ± 20.4 | 0.38 |
| eBMI (mean ± SD) | 25.4 ± 4.1 | 26.5 ± 4.8 | 0.36 |
| Country of birth | |||
| Australia | 86.1% | 86.7% | |
| fOther countries | 13.9% | 13.3% | 1.00 |
| ATSI descent | |||
| Yes | 0* | 0 | |
| No | 98.7%* | 100.0% | NA |
| Marital status | |||
| gSingle | 39.2%* | 73.3% | |
| Married or in de facto relationship | 59.4%* | 26.7% | 0.023 |
| Education | |||
| hSchool | 31.6%* | 60.0% | |
| iUniversity | 67.1%* | 40.0% | 0.076 |
| Employment status | |||
| Full time paid work | 60.8% | 13.3% | |
| Part time paid work or casual paid work | 13.9% | 40.0% | |
| Studying | 24.1% | 33.3% | |
| Home duties or Unemployed | 1.3% | 13.3% | 0.001 |
| Annual household gross income (AUS$) | |||
| ≤ $25,000 to 49,999 | 26.6%* | 60.0%* | |
| ≥ $50.000 to 99,999 | 24.1%* | 6.7%* | |
| ≥ 100.000 to 149,999 | 24.1%* | 6.7%* | |
| $150,000 to 200,000 or more | 21.5%* | 13.3%* | 0.043 |
| People living in the household | |||
| Living alone | 6.3%* | 13.3% | |
| lLiving with other people | 91.1%* | 86.7% | 0.32 |
| Dependent children | |||
| None | 64.6% | 93.3% | |
| One or more | 35.4% | 6.7% | 0.032 |
| Past/present or Future Occupation | |||
| Trades, manual workers, machine operators or drivers | 8.9% | 6.7% | |
| Professional, paraprofessional, managers or administrator, administrative assistant, sales or personal service worker | 89.9% | 93.3% | |
| Never had a paid job | 1.3% | 0% | 1.00 |
*The total number of participants for this variable does not add up to 100% due to responses such as ‘replied prefer not to answer’ or ‘don’t know’ Or don’t know/Varies’ or ‘don’t know or would rather not say’
HBE Habitual Breakfast Eaters who reported to consume breakfast 5 or more times per week
aEBE Early Breakfast Eaters includes Habitual Breakfast Eaters who consumed the first meal of the day early on weekdays (between 5.01 and 8.00 am)
bLBE Late Breakfast includes Habitual Breakfast Eaters who consumed the first meal of the day late on weekdays (between 8.01 am and noon)
NA Not Applicable
cHeight, weight and BMI were measured in the lab session
dOthers country: New Zealand, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, America, Canada, Bangladesh or South Korea or unknown
Single includes: separated, divorced, widowed or never married.
eSchool includes: Intermediate Certificate (or equivalent) or Higher School or Leaving Certificate (or equivalent) or Trade/apprenticeship (eg. Hairdresser, Chef) or Certificate/diploma (eg. Child Care, Technician)
fUniversity includes: University degree or University Higher degree (eg. Grad Dip, Masters, PhD)
gLiving with other people includes living with one, two, three, four or five other people
ATSI Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
hStatistics: Indipendt t-test was used to compare age, height, weight and BMI. Chi Square tests and/or Fishers exact tests were used for the following comparison: Country of birth, ATSI descent, Marital status, Education, Employment status, people living in the household, Dependent children, Past,present and future occupation