Table 3.
Absolute and relative daily energy and macronutrient intake of the study population calculated from a 3-day dietary record
| Nutrient intake | OMN (n = 27) |
p value OMN-LOV |
LOV (n = 25) |
p value LOV-VEG |
VEG (n = 27) |
p value OMN-VEG |
p value 3 groups |
Reference values (m/f)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | ||||||||
| Energy intake (MJ) | 10.4 (8.70, 12.1) | – | 9.67 (8.55, 10.8) | – | 10.2 (9.12, 11.3) | – | 0.989b | 11.9–12.3/9.41–9.83 |
| Macronutrients | ||||||||
| Carbohydrate (EN%) | 46.7 (43.6, 49.8) | 0.824c | 49.4 (45.5, 53.3) | 0.067c | 55.2 (51.4, 59.0) | 0.002c | 0.003a | > 50 |
| Carbohydrate (g/kg BW) | 4.31 (3.45, 5.17) | 1.000c | 4.22 (3.52, 4.91) | 0.094c | 5.01 (4.40, 5.62) | 0.111c | 0.049b | |
| Protein (EN%) | 16.7 (15.1, 18.9) | 0.540c | 15.9 (13.6, 18.2) | 0.295c | 13.8 (12.5, 15.0) | 0.007c | 0.009b | |
| Protein (g/kg BW) | 1.50 (1.27, 1.66) | 0.159c | 1.34 (1.09, 1.56) | 1.000c | 1.25 (1.07, 1.42) | 0.063c | 0.047b | 0.8 |
| Fat (EN%) | 32.5 (30.5, 34.5) | 0.432c | 30.8 (26.8, 34.8) | 0.708c | 26.3 (22.7, 29.8) | 0.021c | 0.026b | 30 |
| Fiber (g) | 27.0 (22.8, 31.1) | 0.176c | 33.4 (28.6, 38.2) | 0.006c | 51.7 (44.1, 59.4) | 0.000c | 0.000b | ≥ 30 |
OMN omnivores, LOV lacto-ovo vegetarians, VEG vegans, MJ mega joule, EN% energy percent, BW body weight, *Reference values of the German, Austrian and Swiss Nutrition Societies (Deutsche, Österreichische und Schweizerische Gesellschaften für Ernährung, D-A-CH) [33]. Data are presented as mean (95% CI). aOne-way ANOVA, bKruskal Wallis test, cPost hoc test, p-values in bold represent statistical significance