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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Oct 22;53(21):12177–12187. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04296

Table 1.

Estimated ILCR from i-As Exposure through Chicken Meat Consumption before and after the Ban on Phenylarsonic Feed Additives Is Implemented and the Corresponding Reduction in the Number of Cancer Cases Avoided in Different Provinces and Municipalities of China

combined lung and bladder cancer skin cancer
ILCRbeforea (×10−6) ILCRafterb (×10−6) cancer cases avoidedc ILCRbefore (×10−6) ILCRafter (×10−6) cancer cases avoided
province urban rural urban rural urban rural total urban rural urban rural urban rural total
Beijing 48.0 17.7 3.29 2.3 840 45 885 2.80 1.04 0.19 0.13 49 3 52
Tianjin 50.0 18.1 3.43 2.34 601 42 643 2.92 1.05 0.20 0.14 35 2 38
Hebei 42.9 14.3 2.95 1.85 1654 420 2074 2.51 0.83 0.17 0.11 97 25 121
Shanxi 24.0 7.65 1.65 0.990 475 105 580 1.40 0.45 0.10 0.06 28 6 34
Inner Mongolia 49.0 19.6 3.36 2.54 716 164 880 2.86 1.14 0.20 0.15 42 10 51
Liaoning 51.2 14.9 3.51 1.93 1405 184 1590 2.99 0.87 0.20 0.11 82 11 93
Jilin 41.9 22.2 2.88 2.87 601 227 828 2.45 1.29 0.17 0.17 35 13 48
Heilongjiang 47.4 26.0 3.25 3.37 993 348 1341 2.77 1.52 0.19 0.20 58 20 78
Shanghai 106 59.3 7.30 7.69 2101 154 2255 6.21 3.46 0.43 0.45 123 9 132
Jiangsu 94.9 37.5 6.51 4.86 4880 819 5699 5.54 2.19 0.38 0.28 285 48 333
Zhejiang 96.2 40.1 6.60 5.20 3446 632 4078 5.61 2.34 0.39 0.30 201 37 238
Anhui 86.0 44.7 5.90 5.79 2680 1131 3812 5.02 2.61 0.34 0.34 156 66 222
Fujiand 6.15 7.82 6.15 7.82 0 0 0 0.36 0.46 0.36 0.46 0 0 0
Jiangxi 85.6 29.7 5.87 3.85 2012 542 2554 5.00 1.73 0.34 0.22 117 32 149
Shandong 54.2 22.8 3.72 2.95 3059 781 3840 3.16 1.33 0.22 0.17 179 46 224
Henan 54.7 18.8 3.75 2.44 2442 779 3221 3.19 1.10 0.22 0.14 143 45 188
Hubei 54.8 17.7 3.76 2.30 1786 371 2156 3.20 1.03 0.22 0.13 104 22 126
Hunan 88.1 48.4 6.05 6.28 3074 1313 4387 5.14 2.83 0.35 0.37 179 77 256
Guangdong 162 104.2 11.1 13.5 11741 3055 14796 9.43 6.08 0.65 0.79 685 178 864
Guangxi 168 85.2 11.5 11.1 3764 1840 5604 9.81 4.97 0.67 0.64 220 107 327
Hainan 192 77.6 13.2 10.1 960 263 1223 11.2 4.53 0.77 0.59 56 15 71
Chongqing 118 35.2 8.12 4.57 2172 339 2511 6.91 2.06 0.47 0.27 127 20 147
Sichuan 100 45.0 6.86 5.83 3926 1599 5525 5.83 2.62 0.40 0.34 229 93 322
Guizhou 62.4 15.3 4.28 1.98 958 257 1214 3.64 0.89 0.25 0.12 56 15 71
Yunnan 68.1 31.9 4.67 4.13 1421 710 2131 3.97 1.86 0.27 0.24 83 41 124
Tibet 42.7 0.410 2.93 0.05 41 1 42 2.49 0.02 0.17 0.00 2 0 2
Shaanxi 31.9 7.32 2.19 0.95 646 106 752 1.86 0.43 0.13 0.06 38 6 44
Gansu 43.5 17.1 2.99 2.21 494 209 703 2.54 1.00 0.17 0.13 29 12 41
Qinghai 35.3 12.2 2.42 1.58 104 30 134 2.06 0.71 0.14 0.09 6 2 8
Ningxia 51.1 26.1 3.51 3.38 188 65 253 2.98 1.52 0.20 0.20 11 4 15
Xinjiang 64.7 20.1 4.44 2.60 728 216 944 3.78 1.17 0.26 0.15 42 13 55
total 79.3 33.6 5.62 4.51 59908 16747 76655 4.63 1.96 0.33 0.26 3497 978 4474
a

Estimated ILCR before the ban on phenylarsonic feed additives is implemented.

b

Estimated ILCR after the ban on phenylarsonic feed additives is implemented.

c

Expected number of cancer cases avoided over the next 70 years calculated from multiplying the estimated reduction of carcinogenic risk (ILCRbefore – ILCRafter) with the corresponding size of population at risk.

d

With the use of phenylarsonic feed additives in chicken farming banned in Fujian province back in 2008, the public health risk from i-As exposure through chicken consumption is not expected to change with the implementation of the nationwide ban.