Table 2.
Participant characteristics and EHE lessons completed before and during the study by trial arm
| Trial arm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WFS | WFSV | EHE | EHEV | Total | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 28.83 (7.31) | 29.25 (6.44) | 28.89 (6.56) | 28.91 (7.03) | 28.97 (6.83) |
| Pregnancy status | |||||
| Not pregnant | 162 (91%) | 145 (75%) | 151 (88%) | 157 (78%) | 615 (83%) |
| Pregnant | 16 (9%) | 48 (25%) | 21 (12%) | 44 (22%) | 129 (17%) |
| Breastfeeding status | |||||
| Not breastfeeding | 149 (84%) | 139 (72%) | 147 (85%) | 150 (75%) | 585 (79%) |
| Breastfeeding | 29 (16%) | 54 (28%) | 25 (15%) | 51 (25%) | 159 (21%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| African American | 59 (34%) | 47 (25%) | 47 (28%) | 68 (34%) | 221 (30%) |
| Hispanic | 103 (59%) | 124 (64%) | 99 (57%) | 110 (55%) | 436 (59%) |
| White or other | 9 (5%) | 17 (9%) | 22 (13%) | 18 (9%) | 66 (9%) |
| Two or more races | 4 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 14 (2%) |
| US-born | |||||
| No | 73 (41%) | 81 (42%) | 60 (35%) | 84 (42%) | 298 (40%) |
| Yes | 105 (59%) | 112 (58%) | 112 (65%) | 117 (58%) | 446 (60%) |
| Preferred language | |||||
| English | 126 (70%) | 131 (68%) | 130 (76%) | 138 (69%) | 525 (71%) |
| Spanish | 49 (28%) | 62 (32%) | 41 (23%) | 59 (29%) | 211 (28%) |
| Other | 3 (2%) | -- | 1 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 8 (1%) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 36 (20%) | 48 (25%) | 44 (26%) | 43 (21%) | 171 (23%) |
| Separated | 15 (8%) | 23 (12%) | 21 (12%) | 23 (11%) | 82 (11%) |
| Widowed | -- | -- | -- | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Never married | 81 (46%) | 81 (42%) | 65 (37%) | 82 (41%) | 309 (41%) |
| Divorced | 14 (8%) | 6 (3%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (3%) | 35 (5%) |
| Living with partner | 32 (18%) | 35 (18%) | 32 (19%) | 47 (23%) | 146 (19%) |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Less than high school education | 33 (19%) | 35 (18%) | 31 (18%) | 36 (18%) | 135 (18%) |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 59 (33%) | 59 (31%) | 57 (33%) | 64 (32%) | 239 (32%) |
| More than a high school education | 86 (48%) | 99 (51%) | 84 (49%) | 101 (50%) | 370 (50%) |
| Educational attainment of spouse or partner | |||||
| Less than high school education | 25 (18%) | 30 (21%) | 34 (26%) | 29 (18%) | 118 (21%) |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 67 (49%) | 59 (42%) | 55 (42%) | 90 (55%) | 271 (47%) |
| More than a high school education | 45 (33%) | 53 (37%) | 42 (32%) | 45 (27%) | 185 (32%) |
| Number of children in household under 19 years of age, mean (SD) | 2.04 (1.29) | 2.21 (1.22) | 2.06 (1.38) | 2.19 (1.20) | 2.13 (1.27) |
| Number of other adults in household, mean (SD) | 1.15 (1.08) | .98 (1.05) | 1.19 (1.11) | 1.19 (.99) | 1.12 (1.06) |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 76 (43%) | 64 (33%) | 76 (44%) | 70 (35%) | 286 (38%) |
| Unemployed | 102 (57%) | 129 (67%) | 96 (56%) | 130 (65%) | 457 (62%) |
| Receiving assistance other than WIC | |||||
| No | 48 (27%) | 54 (28%) | 69 (40%) | 55 (27%) | 226 (30%) |
| Yes | 130 (73%) | 139 (72%) | 103 (60%) | 146 (73%) | 518 (70%) |
| Food insecure | |||||
| No | 69 (39%) | 96 (50%) | 80 (47%) | 92 (46%) | 337 (45%) |
| Yes | 109 (61%) | 97 (50%) | 92 (53%) | 109 (54%) | 407 (55%) |
| Social desirability trait, mean (SD) | 7.94 (1.69) | 7.74 (1.59) | 7.66 (1.69) | 7.66 (1.70) | 7.74 (1.66) |
| Previously completed EHE lesson | |||||
| No | 160 (90%) | 162 (84%) | 156 (91%) | 175 (87%) | 653 (88%) |
| Yes | 18 (10%) | 31 (16%) | 16 (9%) | 26 (13%) | 91 (12%) |
| EHE lesson completed during trial | |||||
| FV | 59 (35%) | 48 (24%) | 107 (29%) | ||
| Breastfeeding | 28 (16%) | 54 (27%) | 82 (22%) | ||
| Being active | 33 (19%) | 34 (17%) | 67 (18%) | ||
| Oral health | 16 (10%) | 22 (10%) | 38 (10%) | ||
| Cholesterol | 12 (7%) | 16 (8%) | 28 (8%) | ||
| Iron | 11 (6%) | 17 (9%) | 28 (8%) | ||
| Calcium | 12 (7%) | 10 (5%) | 22 (5%) | ||
WIC indicates the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; WFS WIC Fresh Start, WFSV WIC Fresh Start plus Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program vouchers; EHE online existing health education, EHEV online existing health education plus Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program vouchers. All values are reported as n (%) unless otherwise noted