Table 3.

Characteristics of whole grain versus refined grain consumers by sex

Consumers’ characteristics	Whole grain (%)		Refined grain (%)
	Male	Female	Male	Female
Country of Origin
Canadian born	43.7	56.3	51.0	49.0
Non-Canadian born	41.0	59.0	52.3	47.7
Household Income
Lower	21.7	78.3a	41.7	58.3a
Lower middle	37.0	63.0a	49.8	50.2
Upper middle	50.4	49.6	53.3	46.7a
High	45.7	54.3a	54.8	45.2a
Food Security
Food secure	41.3	58.7	52.1	47.9
Food insecure without hunger	40.8	59.2	48.6	51.4
Food insecure with hunger	38.5	61.5	44.4	55.6
Education
Less than secondary	46.2	53.8	51.7	48.3
Secondary	35.4	65.6	47.5	52.5
Some post-secondary	43.9	56.1	53.9	46.1
Post-secondary	30.2	69.8	53.3	46.7
Physical Activity
Active	46.6	53.4	59.0	41.0a
Moderate	36.9	63.1	53.5	46.5a
Inactive	41.6	58.4	49.2	50.8
BMI Classification
Normal	30.1	69.9	51.2	48.9
Overweight	57.9	42.1	58.2	41.8
Obese	41.3	58.7	51.8	48.2

^a Significant sex difference at p < 0.05 (Pearson chi-square test)