Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Feb 11;11(1):145–158. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1726593

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Cytokine expression in macrophages after treatment with bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) from antimicrobial-treated Acinetobacter baumannii. BMVs induced by ceftazidime (CAZ) treatment led to higher expression of IL-1β (a) and IL-6 (c) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages than BMVs induced by imipenem (IMP) treatment or BMVs from untreated A. baumannii (LB). BMVs from ceftazidime and imipenem-treated cultures induced similar levels of TNF-α (b), IL-12 (d), and IFN-ϒ (e) expression, which were similar to that induced by untreated supernatant (LB). RAW264.7 macrophages treated with LPS plus ATP were used as a positive control, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as negative controls. * P < 0.05 between CAZ-BMV and IMP-BMV.