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. 2020 Feb 11;11(1):145–158. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1726593

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — (a) Cytokine expression in mice serum after inoculated with bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) from antimicrobial-treated Acinetobacter baumannii. BMVs induced by ceftazidime (CAZ) treatment led to higher expression of many cytokines in mice than BMVs induced by imipenem (IMP) treatment or BMVs from untreated A. baumannii (LB). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as negative controls. * P < 0.05 between CAZ-BMV and IMP-BMV. (b) Cytokine expression in mice serum after inoculated with bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) from antimicrobial-treated Acinetobacter baumannii. BMVs induced by ceftazidime (CAZ) treatment led to higher expression of many cytokines in mice than BMVs induced by imipenem (IMP) treatment or BMVs from untreated A. baumannii (LB). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as negative controls. * P < 0.05 between CAZ-BMV and IMP-BMV.