Table 1:

Patient demographics and clinical characteristics

Characteristic	Data
Male-female	36:12
Age (range)	68 yr (46–82 yr)
Vascular risk factors
Smoking	10 (21%)
Hypertension	23 (48%)
Diabetes	13 (27%)
Hyperlipidemia	13 (27%)
Coronary artery disease
Previous posterior circulation stroke	10 (21%)
Bilateral vertebral artery disease	24 (50%)
Contralateral vertebral artery occlusion	7 (15%)
Intracranial stenosis in the posterior circulation	14 (29%)
Symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia
Dizziness	18 (38%)
Drop attack	4 (8%)
Dysarthria	2 (4%)
Vertigo	19 (40%)
Nystagmus	7 (15%)
Gait disturbance	9 (19%)
Diplopia	6 (13%)