Table 3.

Risk of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Among Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (NDDs) Compared to Adults Without NDDs

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Without NDDs	Reference	Reference	Reference
With NDDs	2.19 (2.04, 2.34)	2.01 (1.87, 2.15)	1.84 (1.72, 1.97)
ID only	2.31 (2.10, 2.54)	2.05 (1.86, 2.25)	1.88 (1.71, 2.07)
CP only	2.04 (1.79, 2.31)	1.91 (1.68, 2.17)	1.72 (1.52, 1.95)
ASD only	1.80 (1.46, 2.21)	1.77 (1.44, 2.18)	1.68 (1.37, 2.07)
Multiple NDDs*	2.93 (2.26, 3.81)	2.71 (2.09, 3.53)	2.65 (2.04, 3.45)

Notes: *Multiple NDDs were grouped together due to insufficient sample size to obtain reliable point estimates and confidence intervals. Multiple NDD groups include: ID+CP; ID+ASD; CP+ASD; or ID+CP+ASD. Two separate models were constructed with the adults without NDDs as the reference: the entire sample with NDDs; and the NDD subgroups (e.g., ID only). Reference indicates that the group was set as the reference to derive the effect estimates for the other groups.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ID, intellectual disabilities; CP, cerebral palsy; ASD, autism spectrum disorders; Model 1, age, sex, and US region; Model 2, age, sex, US region, and baseline hypertension and diabetes; Model 3, age, sex, US region, and baseline hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease.