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. 2019 Jul 27;36(1):65–82. doi: 10.1007/s10565-019-09484-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs (a), ZnFe₂O₄ (b), and Fe₂O₃ (c). Cytotoxicity was determined after 24 h exposure of NR8383 to the panel of studied nanoparticles. At the left, the induction of membrane damage after cell exposure to different studied nanoparticles by measuring the level of extracellular LDH. At the right, action of ZnO, ZnFe₂O₄, and Fe₂O₃ on NR8383 metabolic activity measured by WST1 assay. Calculated IC₅₀, based on WST-1 assay data, for ZnO, ZnFe₂O₄, and Fe₂O₃ were respectively 16, 68, and more than 200 μg/mL