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. 2020 Mar 2;10:3819. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60828-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Retardance R and principle stress difference Δσ distribution across waveguide, of width w = 20 μm, written with multiscan method at a laser power of 130 mW. x axis shows the distance to the waveguide centre (half width point). (b) Flipped image of (a) along waveguide centre point (i.e. along x = 0 in (a)) where red solid R⁺ curve and blue dashed R⁻ curve indicate left and right sides respectively.