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. 2020 Mar 2;10:3827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60836-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metasurface for 2D off-center NAAV generation. (a) Discrete phase shift profile anticipated by Eq. (7) (red dot line) and corresponding parameter h/H profile provided by metasurface (blue dot line) for generating first order off-center NAAV centered at O₁, O₂, O₃. (b) Normalized acoustic pressure field distribution and (c) phase distribution with off-center acoustic vortex centered at O₁, O₂, O₃.