Table 1.

Summary of included studies.

First Author (year)	Province	Design	Stage of CKD	Setting	Sample Size	Study Duration	Risk of bias
Ahmadzadeh, A., et al. (2009) [29]	Khuzestan	Retrospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	139	10(y)	Low
Ataei, N., et al. (2016) [14]	Tehran	Retrospective	Stage 1–5	Hospital	363	24(y)	Moderate
Azarfar, A., et al. (2017) [15]	Khorasan Razavi	Cross-sectional	Stage 1–5	Hospital	326	7(y)	Low
Derakhshan, A., et al. (2003) [16]	Fars	Retrospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	1358	6.5(y)	Low
Fallahzadeh, M. H. (2001) [24]	Fars	Prospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	170	10(y)	Moderate
Gheissari, A., et al. (2012) [25]	Isfahan	Retrospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	268	11(y)	Low
Gheissari, A., et al. (2013) [26]	Isfahan	Cross-sectional	Stage 1–5	School	712	1(y)	Low
Madani, K., et al. (2001) [23]	Tehran	Cross-sectional	Stage 1–4	Hospital	166	9(y)	Low
Mortazavi, F., et al. (2006) [27]	East Azerbaijan	Retrospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	55	4.5(y)	Moderate
Mortazavi, F., et al. (2010) [28]	East Azerbaijan	Retrospective	Stage 1–5	Hospital	115	10(y)	Low
Otukesh, H., et al. (2001) [21]	Tehran	Retrospective	Stage 1–4	Hospital	245	1(y)	Moderate
Sharifian, M., et al. (2016) [22]	Tehran	Cross-sectional	Stage 1–5	Hospital	104	1(y)	Low
Sorkhi, H. (2001) [30]	Mazandaran	Cross-sectional	Stage 1–5	Hospital	85	1(y)	Low