TABLE 1.
Variables† | M4 (n = 63) | M2 (n = 64) |
Demographics | ||
Age, year | 67.6 (7.5) | 67.4 (7.2) |
Women | 44 (69.8%) | 46 (71.9%) |
Caucasian | 61 (96.8%) | 62 (98.4%) |
Education, year | 13.3 (2.7) | 13.8 (3) |
MoCA, score | 25.3 (2.7) | 25.6 (2.4) |
MMSE, score | 29 (1.2) | 29.2 (1) |
Weight, kg | 80 (13.8) | 80.8 (17.7) |
Height, m | 1.65 (0.1) | 1.65 (0.1) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (4.1) | 29.7 (6.2) |
Medical history, n (%) | ||
Hypertension | 36 (57.1%) | 32 (50%) |
Hypercholesterolemia | 28 (44.4%) | 23 (35.9%) |
Type 2 diabetes | 7 (11.1%) | 5 (7.8%) |
Myocardial infarction | 5 (7.9%) | 4 (6.3%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 3 (4.8%) | – |
Angina/coronary artery disease | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (1.6%) |
Aneurysm | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (1.6%) |
Former smoker | 29 (46%) | 28 (44.4%) |
Current smoker | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (1.6%) |
Memory Tasks, z scores | ||
Monkey Ladder | 0.05 (1.03) | −0.05 (0.97) |
Spatial Span | −0.04 (1.05) | 0.04 (0.95) |
Digit Span | −0.1 (1.03) | 0.28 (1.75) |
Paired Associates | −0.09 (0.95) | 0.09 (1.05) |
†Data presented either as mean (standard deviation) or no. (%) where applicable. M2, multiple-modality group; M4, multiple-modality, mind–motor group; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; BMI, body mass index.