TABLE 2.

Within- and between-group differences from baseline to 24 weeks by randomization group.^†

	Within-group differences (95% CI)				Between-group differences (95% CI)
Outcomes	M4 (n = 63)	p-value	M2 (n = 64)	p-value	24 weeks (n = 127)	p-value
Monkey Ladder	0.23 (0.05 to 0.41)	0.01	0.29 (0.12 to 0.47)	0.001	−0.07 (−0.32 to 0.19)	0.6
Spatial Span	−0.07 (−0.25 to 0.12)	0.47	0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22)	0.67	−0.11 (−0.36 to 0.15)	0.42
Digit Span	0.33 (−0.02 to 0.69)	0.06	−0.06 (−0.4 to 0.29)	0.75	0.39 (−0.1 to 0.88)	0.12
Paired Associates	0.48 (0.2 to 0.76)	0.001	0.01 (−0.26 to 0.28)	0.93	0.47 (0.08 to 0.86)	0.019

^†Calculated from linear mixed effects regression models that included group (M4 or M4), time (baseline and 24 weeks), and group × time interaction terms. A total of four models were conducted—corresponding to each memory task listed in the first column. Results are represented as intent-to-treat approach. Bold numbers indicate significant differences within- or between-groups where applicable. M2, multiple-modality group; M4, multiple-modality, mind–motor group.