Table 1.
Summary of MEMRI studies using local administration of Mn2+.
| Animal strains | Injection site | Dose | MRI | Interest | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C57BL/6J mice | Hippocampus | 0.25 μl, 5–200 mM | 2.35 T | Neural pathways | (14, 34) |
| Lewis rats | Visual cortex | 60 μg/kg, 60 mg/kg | 4.7 T | Visual cortex; corpus callosum | (35) |
| Wistar rats | Entorhinal cortex | 40 nl, 1 M | 4.7T | Hippocampus | (36) |
| SD rats | Entorhinal cortex | 100 nl, 100 mM | 4.7 T | Hippocampo-thalamic network | (37) |
| SD rats | Raphe interpositus nucleus | 0.4 μl, 0.08 M | 4.7 T | Lateral habenula | (38) |
| Mice | Hippocampus | 3-5 nl, 200 mM | 11.7 T | Hippocampal to basal forebrain transport | (39) |
| Marmoset | Forelimb primary motor cortex | 0.16 μl, 800, 400, 40, and 8 nmol | 3.0 T | Corticospinal tract | (40) |
| Mice | Prefrontal cortex | 5 nl, 600 mM | 11.7 T | Neurocircuitry | (41, 42) |
| SD rats | Ventral tegmental area | 100 nl, 200 mM | 4.7 T | Neuronal projections from ventral tegmental area to forebrain | (43) |
| Monkey | Orbitofrontal/ anterior cingulate cortex | 0.2 ~ 0.5 μl, 800 or 120 mM | 4.7 T | Prefrontal circuits | (44) |
| Wistar rats | Sensorimotor cortex | 0.2 μl, 1 M | 4.7 T | Neuronal connectivity | (45, 46) |
| SD rats | Sensorimotor cortex | 0.2 μl, 1 M | 3.0 T | Neuronal connective pathways | (47) |
| SD rats | Intracortical/ Motor cortex | 0.2 μl, 1 M | 9.4 T | Spinal cord/ Corticospinal tract | (48, 49) |
| C57/BL6 mice | Striatum/ Amygdala | 10 nl, 5 mM | 11.7 T | Tract tracing from striatum and amygdala | (19) |
| Mice | Hippocampus | 5 nl, 500 mM | 11.7 T | Hippocampal circuitry | (50) |
| C57BL6 | Primary somatosensory cortex | 60 nl, 100 mM | 7.0 T | Somatosensory cortex | (51) |
| SD rats | Lateral geniculate nucleus/ visual cortex | 30 nl, 100 mM; 100 nl, 100 mM | 7.0 T | Lateral geniculate nucleus; visual cortex | (20) |
| SD rats | Somatosensory cortex | 200 nl, 60 mM | 11.7 T | Corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity | (52) |
| SD rats | Habenular nucleus | 0.005 μl, 4 M | 7.0 T | Habenular nucleus tract | (53) |
| SD rats | Raphe nucleus | 0.15 μl, 0.1 M | 7.0 T | Dorsal raphe forebrain tract | (54) |
| SD rats | Thalamus | 200 nl, 10 ~60 mM | 11.7 T | Cortical laminar architecture | (15) |
| SD rats | Orbitofrontal cortex | 200 nl, 80 mM | 4.7 T | Orbitofrontal neuronal activity | (55) |
| SD rats | Somatosensory cortex | ~10 nl, 0.8 M | 3.0 T | Major brain projection systems | (56) |
| Rhesus macaques | Frontal eye fields | 0.3 μl, 120 mM or 300 mM | 7.0 T | Frontal eye fields connections | (1) |
| SD rats | Spinal cord | 10 nl, 25 mmol/l | 9.4 T | Spinal cord | (57) |
| SD rats | Spinal cord | 30 or 60 nl, 100 or 800 mM | 7.0 T | Spinal cord | (58) |
| Wistar rats | Spinal cord | 50 nl, 10 mM | 4.7 T | Spinal cord | (59) |
| SD rats | Cisterna magna | 50 μl, 25 mM; 25 μl, 50 mM | 4.7 T | Brain | (60) |
| SD rats | Subarachnoid space | 50 μl, 10 mM | 4.7 T | Spinal cord | (61) |
| SD rats | Cisterna magna | 80 μl, 0.8 mM | 1.5 T | Spinal cord | (62) |
| SD rats | Cisterna magna | 80 μl, 0.8 M | 1.5 T | Spinal cord | (63) |
| Mice | Cisterna magna, Lateral ventricles | 0.5 μl, 0.8 M; 0.25 μl, 0.8 M | 1.5 T | Spinal cord | (64) |
| C57/BL6 mice | Lateral ventricle | 0.25 μl, 5mM | 2.35 T | Neural pathways | (14) |
| SD rats | Lateral ventricles | 2 μl, 0.2 mol/l | 3.0 T; 7.0 T | Brain and spinal cord; spinal injury | (65, 66) |
| SD rats, Wistar rats | Lateral ventricle | 6 μl, 0.17 M | 4.7 T | Spinal cord | (67–69) |
| Wistar rats | Lateral ventricle | 10 μl, 50 mM | 4.7 T | Hippocampal | (70) |
| Wistar rats | Below the dura | 200 nl, 0.3 M | 7.0 T | Corticothalamic pathway | (71) |
| SD rats | Transcranial | 500 mM or 250 mM | 11.7 T | Traumatic brain injury | (72) |
| SD rats | Transcranial | ~50μl, 100, 250, 500 mM | 11.7 T | Neuronal tract tracing | (73) |