Table 1.
Literature review.
| Study (year) | Study type | RT dose (Gy) | Chemotherapy | TME (yes/no) | Intervals (weeks) | Patients | Preoperative stages | Age (years) | Males (%) | pCR (%) | LR (%) | DFS (%) | OS (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francois130 | Prospective | 13 × 3 | No | No | <2 | 99 | T2–4, N0–1 | 66 | 57.6 | 7.1 | 3 years: 9 | NR | 3 years: 78 |
| 6–8 | 102 | T2–3, N0–1 | 64 | 62.7 | 13.7 | 3 years: 9 | NR | 3 years: 73 | |||||
| Stein131 | Prospective | (25–30) × 1.8 | c.i. 5-FU + CPT-11 | Yes | 4–8 | 19 | T2–4, N0–1 | 51 | 74 | 21 | NR | NR | NR |
| 10–14 | 14 | T3–4, N0–1 | 53 | 64 | 14 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Moore132 | Retrospective | (26–28) × 1.8 | Bolus 5-FU/LV | No | ⩽44 days | 82 | I–III | 59 | 63.4 | 12 | NR | NR | NR |
| >44 days | 73 | I–III | 62 | 63.0 | 19 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Tran133 | Retrospective | (25–30) × 1.8 | 5-FU | Yes | ⩽8 | 16 | II–III | 62 | 62 | 6 | NR | NR | NR |
| >8 | 32 | I–IV | 58 | 56 | 9 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Veenhof134 | Retrospective | 5 × 5 | No | Yes | <2 | 57 | T2–3, N0–1* | 67 | 65 | 0* | 5 years: 2 | 5 years: 74.6 | 5 years: 66.4 |
| 6–8 | 51 | T2–4, N0–1* | 63 | 73 | 12* | 5 years: 4 | 5 years: 69.4 | 5 years: 73.3 | |||||
| Lim135 | Retrospective | 28 × 1.8 | FL, CAP, or IC | No | 4–6 | 217 | T2–4 | 55* | 64 | 13.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| 6–8 | 180 | T2–4 | 58* | 69 | 15 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Tulchinsky136 | Retrospective | (25–28) × 1.8 | 5-FU | Yes | ⩽7 | 48 | II–III | 59* | 73 | 16.7* | 6 | NR | NR |
| >7 | 84 | II–III | 64* | 64 | 34.5* | 4 | NR | NR | |||||
| Garcia-Aguila137 | Prospective | (25–30) × 1.8 | 5-FU | Yes | 6–8 | 66 | T2–4, NX, 0–2 | 61* | 61 | 18* | NR | NR | NR |
| 5-FU + mFOLFOX-6 | 11–13 | 70 | T2–4, N0–2 | 56* | 54 | 25* | NR | NR | NR | ||||
| de Campos-Lobato101 | Retrospective | 28 × 1.8 | 5-FU | Yes | <8 | 83 | T1–4, N0–2 | 54 | 76 | 16.2* | 3 years: 10.5* | 3 years: 75.3 | 3 years: 85.5 |
| ⩾8 | 94 | T2–4, N0–2 | 57 | 73 | 31.1* | 3 years: 1.2* | 3 years: 84.7 | 3 years: 88.2 | |||||
| Wolthuis138 | Retrospective | 25 × 1.8 | 5-FU | Yes | ⩽7 | 201 | T2–4, N0–2 | 64 | 62 | 15.9* | 5 years: 3 | NR | 5 years: 84 |
| >7 | 155 | T2–4, N0–2 | 62 | 70 | 28.4* | 5 years: 2 | NR | 5 years: 77 | |||||
| Jeong139 | Retrospective | 28 × 1.8 | 5-FU + LV | Yes | <8 | 105 | T1–4, N0–2 | 58 | 75 | 16.2 | 3 years: 7.8 | 3 years: 64.8 | 3 years: 90.2 |
| ⩾8 | 48 | T2–4, N0–2 | 56 | 79 | 18.8 | 3 years: 12.7 | 3 years: 66.7 | 3 years: 87.2 | |||||
| Sloothaak128 | Retrospective | 25 × 2 or 28 × 1.8 | CAP or 5-FU ± oxaliplatin | Yes | <8 | 312 | T1–4, N0–2, M0–1* | 63 | 64 | 10.3* | NR | NR | NR |
| 8–9 | 511 | T1–4, N0–2, M0–1* | 63 | 64 | 13.1* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| 10–11 | 406 | T1–4, N0–2, M0–1* | 64 | 60 | 18.0* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| >11 | 364 | T1–4, N0–2, M0–1* | 64 | 63 | 11.8* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Zeng96 | Retrospective | 25 × 2 | CAP | Yes | ⩽7 | 111 | T2–4, N0–2 | 59 | 56 | 15.3* | 3 years: 12.9* | 3 years: 72.6 | 3 years: 89.0 |
| >7 | 122 | T2–4, N0–2 | 59 | 56 | 27.1* | 3 years: 4.8* | 3 years: 79.4 | 3 years: 94.5 | |||||
| Calvo83 | Retrospective | 28 × 1.8 + 10–15 Gy (IORT) | Bolus 5-FU + LV | Yes | <6 | 136 | T2–4 | 66 | 67* | 8.8 | 5 years: 9.6 | 5 years: 69.9 | 5 years: 55.9* |
| ⩾6 | 199 | T2–4 | 66 | 55* | 12.1 | 5 years: 5.5 | 5 years: 74.9 | 5 years: 70.4* | |||||
| You140 | Retrospective | 25 × 2 | FOLFOX6 or XELOX | Yes | ⩽7 | 139 | T1–4, N0–2 | 55 | 69 | 27.3* | NR | 5 years: 74.7 | 5 years: 84.4 |
| >7 | 152 | T1–4, N0–2 | 56 | 71 | 29.6* | NR | 5 years: 66.8 | 5 years: 75.3 | |||||
| Mihmanlı141 | Retrospective | (25–28) × (1.8–2) | 5-FU | Yes | <8 | 45 | T2–4 | 54 | 71 | 8.9* | 6 years: 8.9 | 5 years: 55.3* | 5 years: 79.1* |
| ⩾8 | 42 | T2–4 | 58 | 74 | 19.0* | 6 years: 7.1 | 5 years: 85.1* | 5 years: 94.4* | |||||
| Akbar142 | Retrospective | 28 × 1.8 | XELOX | Yes | ⩽8 | 66 | T2–4, N0–2 | NR | 65 | 30 | 12 | 5 years: 66.7* | 5 years: 68.2 |
| >8 | 93 | T2–4, N0–2 | NR | 68 | 33 | 25 | 5 years: 53.8* | 5 years: 54.3 | |||||
| Macchia126 | Retrospective | NR | One or two drugs | Yes | ⩽6 | 300 | II–III | 64* | 60 | 12.6* | NR | NR | NR |
| 7–12 | 1598 | II–III | 65* | 64 | 23.0* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| ⩾13 | 196 | II–III | 67* | 62 | 31.1* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Couwen-berg125 | Retrospective | (25–28) × (1.8–2) | CAP | Yes | 3–6 | 479 | T1–4, N0–2 | 64.4 | 62.0 | 15.7 | NR | NR | NR |
| 7–8 | 1309 | T1–4, N0–2 | 63.5 | 65.8 | 13.9 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| 9–10 | 1668 | T1–4, N0–2 | 64.1 | 61.2 | 16.9* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| 11–12 | 1287 | T1–4, N0–2 | 64.3 | 63.0 | 15.6 | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| 13–20 | 945 | T1–4, N0–2 | 64.4 | 63.6 | 16.8* | NR | NR | NR | |||||
| Akgun124 | Prospective | 28 × 1.8 | 5–FU + LV | Yes | ⩽8 | 160 | T3–4, N+ | 60.4 | 59 | 10.0* | NR | NR | NR |
| >8 | 167 | T3–4, N+ | 61.7 | 57 | 18.6* | NR | NR | NR |
*
p < 0.05.
5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; CAP, capecitabine; c.i., continuous infusion; CPT-11, irinotecan; DFS, disease-free survival; FL, 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin; FOLFOX6, oxaliplatin + leucovorin + 5-FU; IORT, intraoperative radiotherapy; LR, local recurrence; LV, leucovorin; mFOLFOX-6, modified FOLFOX-6; IC, irinotecan + capecitabine; N, number of nearby lymph nodes stage; NR, not reported; OS, overall survival; pCR, pathological complete response; RT, radiotherapy; T, tumor size stage; TME, total mesorectal excision; XELOX, oxaliplatin + capecitabine.