Figure 1.
Expression profiles of PTI-like genes in tomato roots in response to root penetrating juveniles of the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne hapla with and without attached microbes from suppressive Geisenheim soil, 3 dpi. ANOVA by generalized linear models (see Supplement Statistics 1 ) revealed that the attached microbes significantly enhanced defense gene expression overall (P = 0.001), while the response of the various genes differed (P = 0.0001). Lines under an asterisk indicate significant differences between plants after invasion of nematodes with or without microbes attached to the cuticle (P < 0.05, Tukey test on log-transformed data). Error bars represent SE (n = 10 plants).